Blue and White Society: Seventh thought of Shan Hai Jing: Gun and Yu water control that cannot be covered by dust

Da Yu, surnamed Si, was rumored to be a descendant of Zhuanxu and the son of Gun (gun).

Historical records say that Gun was the son of Zhuanxu, who gave birth to Yu.

However, we shall take the Classic of Mountains and Seas as the standard. The Book of Mountains and Seas says: "The Yellow Emperor gave birth to Luo Ming, and Luo Ming gave birth to a white horse, and the white horse was for Gun."

If you regard this 'birth' as ​​having a child, then Gun is a generation older than Zhuanxu, which is obviously outrageous.

I said that birth does not necessarily refer to a child, it may also refer to a derived tribe, and this sentence itself expresses this meaning.

One of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor gave birth to the Luo Ming clan, and Luo Ming gave birth to the White Horse clan. The White Horse may be the totem of that tribe.

I don't know exactly what it is, but it's called White Horse. I'm guessing...probably a dragonborn totem. The ancient white horse is the incarnation of the dragon. An eight-foot-tall white horse, considered a dragonborn.

In short, Gun is the leader of the Baima clan.

Translated from the perspective of the narrator, it means 'the Baima clan is the current Gun clan'.

I am based on the Classic of Mountains and Seas, so Gun is not the son of Zhuanxu.

However, the historical records may not be groundless. There is a saying that one of Zhuanxu's sons was Gun Zeng.

Based on this calculation, Zhuanxu is the sixth ancestor of Yu.

Gun may be a posthumous title, honorary title, etc. The leader of the Baima clan has been called 'Gun' for generations.

Because the generations are called Gun, how to distinguish these generations of Gun? So the last generation was called Gun, the previous generation was called Father Gun, the previous generation was called Gun Zu (grandfather), and the previous generation was called Gun Zeng (great-grandfather).

It belongs to Zhuanxu's son, but Gunzeng. Sima Qian may not have sorted it out clearly, and directly recorded it as Gun, so he believed that Yu was the grandson of Zhuanxu.

No matter what the argument is, regardless of Gun and Yu, they are the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, or the descendants of Zhuanxu.

They are all of the blood of the Yellow Emperor who are rooted in Zhengmiaohong.

Then the problem came, their surname was not Ji, but Si.

The surname is not Ji, so it is obvious that his ancestors were not legitimate sons, and were sealed outside.

After reading my previous episodes, you should understand everything.

The Yellow Emperor enfeoffed fourteen sons, twelve of whom had the surnames: Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Que, Ren, Xun, Xi, Ji, Yan, and Yi.

Ji is undoubtedly a direct descendant, fourteen sons, twelve surnames, and two more? The other two are also surnamed Ji. Zhuanxu and Diku succeeded respectively.

So in "The Yellow Emperor was born Luo Ming", the Luo Ming family in it should be one of the other surnames among the twelve surnames, such as Ji (I guess).

Afterwards, Luo Ming's clan enfeoffed a certain bastard's lineage and split into another clan of white horses. To be differentiated must have another surname, so the surname is Si.

Afterwards, the clan was passed down in a single line, and the tribe declined, and there were no more land entrustments, so the Baima clan never divided into other clans.

That's why the Yellow Emperor gave birth to Luo Ming, Luo Ming gave birth to a white horse, and the white horse was directly Gun.

If it refers to an individual, then this generation is ridiculously short.

So this must be tribal division, and division requires a new surname. Gun Yu's surname is Si, but Si is not one of the twelve surnames assigned by the Yellow Emperor, so there must have been a split in the middle.

That time, it was Luo Mingsheng's white horse. So it was just right.

It has only been differentiated this time, so from the Yellow Emperor to Gun, it is so 'short'.

It can be seen from the lineage.

The surname Ji is extremely powerful, and it has spread wildly from generation to generation, while the Baima clan, the clan of Gun, has always been trapped in a corner. It is always a single family name.

Since the first generation of Gun, they have always had the surname Si, and they have always been Gun, Gun, or the other, until Yu emerged and became emperor, and was awarded the beautiful posthumous posthumous title of 'Da Yu'.

Da Yu is not a name.

His surname is Si, and his name is Si Wenming. If there is no other way to say, he has been called Si Wenming since he was a child.

In our opinion, this name can be said to be very well achieved. Wen Ming, what a beautiful name.

But in fact, it expresses Dayu's status when he was a child... The two-letter name is a humble name.

Since ancient times, a single word is respect, and a double word is cheap.

This situation was a tradition until the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The more ancient times, the more so.

For example, Emperor Ku is called '夋', Xia Qi is called 'Qi', Dayi is called 'Yi', Zhou people's ancestors are called 'Ji', and the first king of Shang, Cheng Tang, is called 'Ji' 'soup'.

The ancestor Wang Hai worshiped in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin and Shang Dynasties was not called Wang Hai, but 'Zhen'.

Duke of Zhou was named 'Dan', Confucius was named 'Qiu', Emperor Qin Shihuang was named 'Zheng', Han Emperor Gaozu was named 'Ji', Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was named 'Heng', and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was named 'Che'.

You may want to say, isn’t Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty called Liu Bingji?

Yes, the original name is Liu Bingji. When he was still a baby and had no name, he was imprisoned by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty because he was implicated in the disaster of witchcraft. When he was four years old, he was amnesty and sent to be raised by his grandmother Shijia.

Liu Bing has lived a street life in the streets of Chang'an since he was a child. Originally, the throne had nothing to do with him.

He didn't know that the fate was in him. After the death of Emperor Zhao, Huo Guang supported Liu He to ascend the throne. As a result, he was too stupid. He reigned for 27 days and did 1,127 bad things...

The ministers couldn't take it anymore, Huo Guang decisively abolished the emperor, that is, Haihunhou.

After looking around, Liu Bingji, who grew up on the street, was brought back to the palace to support him as emperor.

The first thing Liu Bing did after ascending the throne...was to change his name to Liu Xun...

You may want to say, isn't Zhuanxu two characters?

Zhuan Xu is not the name of the Black Emperor, as I said before, like Yao and Shun, these are not names either.

Shun is a posthumous title, Yao is a posthumous title, and Dayu is also a posthumous title.

Note that 'Da Yu' is a posthumous name, and Yu is just an abbreviation. He was the first person to use two characters to express posthumous titles. The more characters for posthumous titles, the better. In the pre-Qin period, there were basically one-word posthumous titles. After the Han Dynasty, there were occasional posthumous titles with two characters. The Tang and Song Dynasties began to be shameless. The posthumous titles with seven, eight, or a dozen characters were the most shameless in the Qing Dynasty. There were posthumous titles with more than 20 characters...

But for names, before the Jin Dynasty, one character was more expensive.

I don't know what Zhuanxu's name is, but those who have read my previous interpretation should remember that I refuted the claim that Zhuanxu is called Qianhuang. I would like to add here that at the time I didn't mention the fact that the double names were cheap. In fact, this is one of the reasons. Zhuanxu's name is Qianhuang, which is outrageous.

Similarly, Shun's name is not recorded.

Based on Shun's poor and humble status when he was a child, I guess it is a very cheap name, such as Yao Ergouzi, which probably means this, so it has not been spread.

As for Yao...according to Shangshu, Yao's name is 'Fang Xun'.

'Fang Xun' may be equivalent to modern names such as 'Da Qiang' and 'Tie Gen'.

It's just that we modern people can't get the point of ancient times. If there is any meaning, it can only be understood literally. The ancient meaning of "Fang" means exile and expulsion, and the ancient meaning of "Xun" is: to be able to become a king.

Combined together as a name, it means 'expulsion of merit'.

Typical cheap name, in fact, Yao's childhood was not good.

According to Shi Ji, the eldest son Di Zhi succeeded Di Ku. Yao was just the youngest son. When his older brother became emperor, he enfeoffed his younger brother directly to Taodi. After a few years of development, he was transferred to Tangdi... So Yao later became the Taotang clan.

I didn't know that Tang Yao was still growing up. He was charismatic and capable, and the tribe was well managed.

Yao relied on his own means to gain popularity and other means, and his elder brother Di Zhi's ruling was too stupid, so the princes of all parties abolished Di Zhi and brought Yao back to inherit the rule.

His love of gaining fame so much is probably related to his childhood when he was not valued by his father and elder brother. (See the free extras at the end of the first volume for details on brushing reputation)

Back to the topic, before the Wei and Jin Dynasties, try to choose a single name for the name.

Due to the high mortality rate in ancient times, children were basically born without names. When he was a little older, he would take a nickname. It was just used to call him. He knew it was him, and he could answer it.

Fang Xun, Bing Ji, and Ah Man are all such nicknames.

If my father died before I got a big name, or if my father didn't take him seriously and didn't bother to get a big name, it would be a bit miserable...

Judging from Shun's living environment since he was a child and the degree of rejection by his parents, I suspect that Shun's real name is very strange...it's just that we don't know it.

In short, from the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Qin and Han Dynasties, and even the early Jin Dynasty, single names were the most precious.

Only some people in the Yellow Turban Army will be called double names. In the Three Kingdoms, only Sun Shangxiang was born with a double name when she was born in an aristocratic family... and the official history does not actually record her, and it was originally from Yuan Zaju.

To sum up, Dayu's name is Si Wenming, which sounds domineering, but it was actually a cheap name at the time.

The ancient meaning of 'wen' is pattern or tattoo, and 'ming' means order, but it is a little more emphatic than order. Later, the Mandate of Heaven (the order of God) was derived. People live to carry out the mandate of Heaven, but when they die, they have no life (God no longer gives you orders, you don’t need to exist anymore). Then came the meaning of lifespan and life, and at the beginning it was the meaning of order.

So Wen Ming seems to mean that he has thorns on his body (I guess), or it may mean that the mission is engraved on his body.

His father died when he was very young. It is estimated that the elders in the family gave him such a name. To put it romantically, he engraved the mission of revitalizing the family on him.

Why the elders didn't take a single name is related to the humble status of the entire family when he was a child.

According to the Zhou Dynasty, Gonggong, Sanmiao, Gun and Huandou are the four crimes.

That is, the four ancient sinful clans. To put it bluntly, the exiles, the whole clan was labeled as sinners and excluded from the fringes of the entire Yanhuang cultural circle.

"Zuo Zhuan" in the Spring and Autumn Period: "Liu Gonggong in Youzhou, release Guandou in Chongshan, move three seedlings to Sanwei, and kill Gun in Yushan." ’

Gong Gong was guilty. He once fought against Zhuan Xu for the emperor, and often broke the embankment to release floods.

The Guandou clan was also guilty. It is said that it was the Danzhu clan.

But there is no direct evidence to prove that Guandou is Danzhu, this is enough nonsense, I will not discuss it.

Sanmiao, you all know that the descendants of Jiuli have always been sinners. The emperors of all dynasties are merging them. In the period of Shun, there was a major breakthrough, and the Sanmiao was pacified. In the period of Yu, the Sanmiao was completely integrated into the Yanhuang system.

The last one, the Gun clan, was accused of taking the clan members, stealing the emperor's land, and filling the flood without waiting for the emperor's order. As a result, he was beheaded directly and the whole clan was exiled.

Four crimes and four evils are too long, and they are also mentioned in Shan Hai Jing, so I will talk about them later.

In short, the Gun clan has been passed down from generation to generation, and the last King Gun is Yu's father.

His failure in water control directly caused Yu to be an exile with a low social status since he was a child. At a young age, Yu carried the fate of the Baima clan on his shoulders.

Of course, he is much stronger than the real untouchables of that era, and he has the noble surname bestowed by his ancestors: Si.

There is also a name given by a well-educated clan elder: Wen Ming.

At least in our opinion, it sounds good and cultured. So Yu belonged to a down-and-out aristocratic family, not a real pariah, but he had a family heritage.

So what are the achievements of Yu's ascending to the throne of God? I don't think anyone doesn't know: Dayu controls the water.

Before talking about Dayu's flood control in Shan Hai Jing, the old rules, flashbacks.

This time there are more, because in modern times, the Yu and Xia dynasties were controversial.

Although the general public recognizes the existence of the Xia Dynasty, the Skeptics do not think so, and international scholars do not recognize it either.

In modern times, Gu Jiegang of the Republic of China believed that Dayu was a worm, but a cultural symbol on the tripod in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In fact, this person did not exist.

He believes that Dayu's flood control is a myth, a **** compiled by Zhou people, not a person, and the prototype is the insect-shaped pattern on the tripod of the Shang Dynasty.

If Yu the Great did not exist, then the Xia Dynasty would not exist.

The argument mainly revolves around, "Shuowen": Yu is also a worm.

Subsequent Doubters of the Ancients even directly added another word, saying that Yu was a worm.

I am convinced, the pictograph of the word Yu is indeed a worm. This point, I also said it when I described the ancient Egyptian totem Nai Yinglong in "Inhuman" where the Amon civilization influenced the Egyptian civilization and helped the Yellow Emperor defeat Chiyou.

In addition, the tripods of the Shang Dynasty did use a lot of insect-shaped patterns.

However, the insect-shaped patterns of Shang and Zhou Dynasties all have feet! And the more feet the more noble.

After all, it's very abstract. It doesn't matter if it's a bug or a dragon.

"Shuowen" is just an explanation of characters, not the person 'Da Yu'. Yu's posthumous title is Dayu, the word "Da" is very important, the ancients liked to abbreviate it, it really saves trouble.

A big bug is not a bug. The length of the scale insect is the dragon.

This is a posthumous title, not Yu's name. It is completely nonsense to deny the existence of Yu and say that Zhou people conjectured and deified the lines of Shang Ding.

It's like...using Kangxi's posthumous title of "Tianhong Yunwenwu Ruizhe Respectful Filial Plentiful Filial Piety Zhonghe Gongde Dachengren Emperor" to deny the existence of Kangxi, thinking that this emperor is the Qing Dynasty imperial edict The extension and apotheosis of some of the virtues of words, it is actually impossible to have such an emperor... Then the Qing Dynasty was also a dynasty that did not exist, and scholars in the Republic of China compiled a feudal dynasty.

I have seen and heard more than once that some people use the international academic circles and foreign scholars to deny the Xia Dynasty.

I think most people have heard that 'In fact, our country has only three thousand years of history, and there is no archaeological evidence for the Xia Dynasty'.

I've heard all this.

It's already 2020, no one still believes in this, right?

First, there is indeed no archaeological evidence for the country 'Xia'.

But it is wrong to only have a civilization history of 3,000 years. There is no cultural relic of the Xia Dynasty, but there are already countless cultural relics of the Xia Dynasty.

That is to say, there was civilization in that era, and both the Erlitou and Liangzhu sites have been successfully applied for World Heritage. The period of Erlitou's existence covers the Xia Dynasty period in the literature. Liangzhu existed longer than the Xia Dynasty.

There is no stone hammer because there is no written carrier preserved.

Oracle bone inscriptions are very mature characters, with a total of more than 5,000 characters. Did this come out of nowhere? There must have been another hieroglyph in front of it.

Some people say, why are there so many oracle bone inscriptions in the Yin Ruins, but none of them mentioned the Xia Dynasty?

It's very simple. First of all, the word 'Xia' was not even found at the beginning, so some people said, why is there no word for Xia in oracle bone inscriptions? So there is no Xia Dynasty.

Later, it was discovered that there was a word 'Xia', and the pictograph was a person kneeling under the sun hanging high in the scorching sun.

It can be seen that the Suspicious Ancient Sect is also being beaten in the face...

However, there is one thing to say, because the oracle bone inscriptions only write "Shi Xia", so it is true that Xia is not a country.

However, only 30% of the oracle bone inscriptions have been cracked... There are still a large number of oracle bone inscriptions that have not been sorted out and cracked. Thirty percent did not mention "You Xia", which I think is normal.

Secondly, Yin Ruins was the capital of the middle and late Shang Dynasty, and the seat of Wuding and later Shang kings. At that time, it had been a long time since the Xia Dynasty.

In addition, all oracle bone inscriptions are written by businessmen who divination and asking gods before doing something, or offering sacrifices to their ancestors after doing something.

People worship their own ancestors, mainly to worship the Shang kings of the past dynasties, why mention the Xia Dynasty?

Erlitou is a site of the Xia Dynasty, and it is a pity that no characters were found. In fact, the word '文' was found on the bronze wares. But there are no more words.

On the contrary, it is the Liangzhu ruins with a history of 7,000 years. There are more than eleven characters. It is also engraved on oracle bones, but the international community does not recognize that it is a text, and calls it "Oracle Bone Carved Talisman".

In fact, the so-called engraved symbols completely conform to the structure and evolution of pictographs.

At least those who study ancient Chinese can recognize the characters at a glance, and deciphered the eleven 'engraved symbols' in seconds. Because our writing is handed down in one continuous line without a break in generations.

In fact, during the period of the Republic of China, due to the decline of the country, many people pointed out that Chinese characters were dross, too difficult, and not conducive to promotion, and denounced them as a tool for fooling the people and restricting public education. Call for the complete abolition of Chinese characters and the use of alphabetic characters.

Qian Xuantong: "If you want to keep China from perishing and make the Chinese nation a civilized nation in the 20th century, you must abolish Confucianism and Taoism as the fundamental solution, and abolish the Chinese characters that record Confucianism and Taoism's evil words , especially the fundamental solution to the fundamental solution.”

***: "Chinese characters are difficult to contain new things and new ideas, and they are a nest of corrupt thoughts. It is not a pity to waste them."

Lu Xun: "If Chinese characters are not destroyed, China will perish! Chinese characters will eventually be abolished. If people survive, writing will be abolished. If writing survives, people will perish. In this era, there is no way of luck."

Qu Qiubai: "Chinese characters are really the dirtiest, worst and most **** medieval latrines in the world!"

Some people say that traditional characters are only abolished. Sorry, it is not, but it is completely abolished, and only letters are used. There are magazines and newspapers in 1918, and later Lu Xun's manuscripts as evidence.

If you do it, you do it. There is nothing to talk about. At that time, all those with aspirations were looking for a way for the country. They were the pioneers, and they were allowed to make mistakes. It is normal for individual claims to be too radical in our view. (Foreshadowing, the same is true for Gun...)

Of course, how can Chinese characters be abolished? In South Korea, Chinese characters have been abolished, and ancient books can no longer be read.

In short, there are also a large number of people who oppose the abolition of Chinese characters, and finally made a compromise. In order to promote popularization, Pinyin was developed. The parallel promotion of Chinese Pinyin is what it is today.

From the perspective of historical materialism, their historical role is positive, and finally promoted the progress of society...

It's far away.

About the writing of the Xia Dynasty, I suspect that the writing carrier of the Xia Dynasty is very difficult to preserve... The oracle bone inscriptions can survive, thanks to the superstition of the Shang Dynasty, using the tortoise shell and ox bone as a carrier for divination, and writing Braille by the way.

Xia Chao didn't have this habit, if it was cloth...sheepskin...it would be really cold. What's more, the Yin and Shang dynasties destroyed Xia and destroyed the Xia capital (a large number of massacred corpses were found in Erlitou, and I guess the city was burned).

Second, how do foreign scholars make a conclusion?

If there is no written evidence to say that the Xia Dynasty is fictional, then under the same standard, Alexander the Great is fictional, and 80% of the history of ancient Greece is fictional.

Alexander, all the basis of existence are documented hundreds or even thousands of years later, and they are in the form of legends, similar to King Arthur.

His greatest, greatest stone-hammer evidence is that the city of 'Alexandria' in Egypt is named after him.

However, Dayu also had Yuling, and the Yellow Emperor also had the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum. This cannot be regarded as evidence.

As for ancient Greece, more than 50% of the literature comes from the Renaissance period...

Aristotle, Plato, and other classics of ancient Greek scholars have no cultural relics and stone hammers. The Renaissance ghost knows what a renaissance is.

Among the top ten most beautiful physics experiments, there is a story about the ancient Greek scholar, Eratosthenes, who used a very simple method to measure the circumference of the earth in 240 BC.

Using mathematical methods, the circumference of the earth is accurately measured, and the final calculation results have very small errors compared with modern measurement results.

But that method, I'm afraid everyone who studies mathematics knows it, it's a bullshit.

But it looks like that again. This is a wonderful story, and those who are interested can check it out.

However, the so-called ancient Greek records of measuring the circumference of the earth, the outline and some details of the whole process are extremely similar to Zhang Sui's article on measuring the meridian of the earth recorded in the "Old Tang Book".

It seems that I have made some mistakes that are most likely caused by not understanding the translation when translating classical Chinese. Do you think Chinese people don’t like to read [Twenty-Four Histories]?

Someone has demonstrated it in detail. I won't say much here, I will talk about it later if you are interested.

Also, the so-called Aristotle's tomb is empty, without a single word, and there is a small stone chamber measuring 1.7x1.3 meters at the bottom. The evidence that this is Aristotle's tomb is a clue from an 11th-century manuscript in the library that Aristotle's tomb is in that area. This manuscript is exactly 1,400 years from the time of Aristotle...why hasn't it been dug up?

Forget it, forget it, let's get down to business.

Based on the existence of Dayu, go backwards.

It is said that Dayu traveled all over the world to control the water, his skin was tanned and his hands were full of calluses.

Sima Qian's comment: "Yu Qin's ditch is wet, his hands and feet are callous. He has been talking for four years, and he has been acting for four o'clock. He has a wife for a day, and he is not private. The nine soils are justified, and Xuangui Xizi"

It is said that Dayu himself dredged the ditches, his hands and feet were full of cocoons, and he taught people to ride in boats on water, chariots on land, sledges on mud, and chariots on mountains, and traveled all over the world all year round. Just married his wife and left, passing by the house without looking back. So until the flood in Kyushu was resolved, Shun rewarded him with black jade.

What does black jade jade mean? Gui with different names is the basis for conferring different powers. For example, in case of natural disasters, the token held by the minister sent by the emperor to comfort the people is called Zhengui. The holder performs the function of reconciliation or marriage, and is called Gu Gui. The holder who performs the function of reward is called Wan Gui, and the holder who performs the function of punishment is called Yan Gui.

As for the great achievement, it was bestowed on Xuangui.

Sima Qian belonged to the Western Han Dynasty, so it was earlier.

"Shangshu": "Yu Ping water and soil, the main name is mountains and rivers..."

Earlier, the "Book of Songs" in the Spring and Autumn Period: "The flood is vast, and Yu lays down the earthwork."

The Book of Songs is a very, very, very important historical material. When studying the history of the pre-Qin period, it is more credible than Shiji.

The "Book of Songs" contains the odes of the ancestors' entrepreneurship, the movement of offering sacrifices to gods and ghosts, and the banquets and exchanges between the nobles, the resentment of uneven work and rest, and more reflections on labor, hunting, and a lot of love, marriage, and social customs. moving chapters.

Let's put it this way, for the Zhou Dynasty, the Book of Songs is equivalent to the words written on oracle bones for divination, and for the Yin and Shang Dynasties.

However, these are documents after all, not cultural relics.

Then, are there any written cultural relics that record Dayu's water control?

First of all, there is the Shuyi Bell from the Spring and Autumn Period. There is an inscription on the bell. Because it was dug out by the people of the Song Dynasty, it was not well preserved, so it can only be vaguely recognized: Cutting down Xiasi... There are Kyushu in Xian, and it is blocked by Yu...

So are there any cultural relics unearthed in modern times?

In 2002, a Suigong 盨 bought from abroad, a bronze vessel from the Western Zhou Dynasty. The inscription reads: Heaven ordered Yu to apply the soil, follow the mountains and dredge the rivers, and set up levy on the land. . The king who gave birth to me is a minister, he only cares about virtue, the people love virtue, and widows... care about the world. It is good to use Jue Shao, to benefit dryness and virtue, but not to be careless when Kang dies. Filial friends, the Su Ming scriptures are in order, and I like to worship and waste. The heart is good at virtue, and the only way to get married is to cooperate. Tianli is used to test, God is reused to use Lulu, and Yongyu is in Ning. Sui Gong said: "The people only use their virtues, and they perish."

There is nothing to translate. There are many characters in the middle that are already unreadable. In fact, a lot of words are missing in the one I posted, so you can just watch it for fun.

In short, its history dates back 2,900 years.

Unfortunately, Yu is still a thousand years away.

It is worth mentioning that the country of Sui is an ancient country. Sui Gong of all dynasties said that he was a descendant of Yu and Shun, and they worshiped Shun as their ancestors.

In the Xia Dynasty, Yusun, a descendant of Yushun, was named Yu Sui, Duke, and lived in the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou dynasties. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Huan of Qi united the princes for the first time and called everyone to come to the alliance. Duke Sui at that time refused to go, so Duke Huan of Qi destroyed Sui State. Later, the Sui people wanted to restore the state, pretending to reward the Qi army, drunk the soldiers with wine, and then took the opportunity to kill all the Qi army.

Duke Huan of Qi was furious when he learned about it, and ordered the massacre of the city, and all the Dukes of Suiguo died.

As the descendants of Shun, they highly praised Yu's achievements. It can be seen that Yu never forced Shun, let alone exiled Shun's son.

So far, there is no more evidence.

The last one is the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas was originally a set of maps with words on them, so I said that the people of the Xia Dynasty used a text carrier that was not conducive to preservation.

In short, according to all the rumors about Shan Hai Jing later, it is said that Shan Hai Jing is the "Book of Yu".

Indeed, Dayu must have been one of the authors of Shan Hai Jing, and Yu contributed most of it.

The version seen by Jin Dynasty people is different from ours.

The people of Jin mentioned a piece of text that is not in the Shan Hai Jing we read.

【Yu said: The famous mountains in the world pass through five thousand three hundred and seventy mountains, sixty-four thousand fifty-six miles, and the place of residence. Speaking of its five Zangs, there are so many other hills covered, it is not enough to remember. Heaven and earth are 28,000 li from east to west, 26,000 li from north to south, 8,000 li from the mountain of water, 8,000 li from the water, 467 miles from the mountain of copper, and 3,690 miles from the mountain of iron. ten. The division of heaven and earth is the soil, trees and valleys, where spears are shot, and where knives are shot. Those who are capable have more than enough, but those who are clumsy have not enough. Enfeoffed in Taishan, Zen in Liangfu, seventy-two families, the number of gains and losses are all included, it is called national use. 】

This text is said to be at the end of the Jin Dynasty version of "Shan Hai Jing Wu Zang Shan Jing".

Judging from the tone of voice, it was obviously written by someone after Yu died. But as for how long Yu died, I don't know.

This is also the reason why I seldom interpret the content of "Shan Jing". Because the Book of Mountains was written by the people of the Xia Dynasty.

The content of Shan Jing was summarized by Dayu and Boyi.

As for what I interpret to you, in fact, most of it is the content of the scriptures at home and abroad, and the Great Wilderness.

As for the Book of Mountains, I seldom mention it, because it is too rigorous, so rigorous that it is just a data report, and there is nothing to interpret at all.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas is divided into Five Zang Mountain Classics, Overseas Classics, Overseas Classics, and Great Wilderness Classics.

Wu Zang Mountain Classic, one mountain is connected to another, how many miles apart, what products are produced, what animals are there, how the animals taste, where the water comes from, and where it flows...all are recorded in detail.

And for each mountain range, the corresponding mountain **** and the method of sacrifice will be written at the end. What tribute should be given and what specifications should be sacrificed are all recorded in detail.

People in the world always say that The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a geographical map, but in fact they say that "The Classic of Mountains and Seas·Wuzang Mountain Classic" is a geographical map.

The Book of Mountains is very detailed and rigorous. It is completely a geographical data record and an encyclopedia of animals. The Book of Seas is full of historical events, foreign countries and strange people and things at home and abroad.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas is the combination of "Shan Jing" and "Hai Jing".

No, it is the collection of mountains and seas, which means all-encompassing.

The record in the "Shan Jing", such a mountain is connected to another mountain, I suspect it is the legendary "Lian Shan Jing" of the Xia Dynasty.

Remember what I said, the Three Books of Changes?

The Xia Dynasty had the 'Lianshan Yi', the Shang Dynasty had the 'Guizang Yi', and the Zhou Dynasty had the 'Zhouyi'.

The Book of Changes was well preserved by Confucianism and has been handed down all the time. It was lost in Guizang, but it was also excavated by our modern archaeologists.

Only "Lianshan" has never been found. Perhaps, it has not been lost.

Of course, there is no evidence, just listen to the music.

Having said so much, combined with some character designs interpreted by [Routines of Ancient Emperors] and [Light of Wisdom from Lingzhao Baili], we can now look at the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

"Shan Hai Jing": "The river flows out of the northeast corner to the north, and then enters the Bohai Sea in the southwest, and then goes out to overseas, that is, west to north, and enters the Jishi Mountain led by Yu."

This is a section of the Hainei West Classic describing the Kunlun Xuxu. It introduces that the "river water" originates from the Kunlun Xu, northeast of Gangzhiyan.

Before and after this paragraph, Chishui, Heishui, Ruoshui, Yangshui and other water systems are introduced respectively.

So what is 'river water'? Anyone who wants to know history knows that in the pre-Qin period, there was only one water system in my country worthy of the name "river", and that was the Yellow River.

That's right, 'river' is not what we mean now, it was a specific noun in ancient times, and it was the unique name of the Yellow River.

I also mentioned it when I interpreted Kuafu before. When I translated "he, Wei" insufficiently, I said that the Yellow River and Wei water were not enough to drink.

Similarly, 'Jiang' does not refer to anything else, specifically to 'Yangtze River'.

Hebo is not the waterbo of other places, but the waterbo of the Yellow River.

What kind of river and what kind of river are written in our current culture, what kind of water and what kind of water were written in ancient times. The Yellow River is called River Water, and the Yangtze River is called River Water.

The Shan Hai Jing writes here very strangely. It says that the Yellow River originates in the northeast of Kunlun, flows north, then enters the Bohai Sea in the southwest, and then goes overseas, west and north, passing through the Jishi Mountain that Dayu dredged through.

Where is Jishi Mountain?

The original text of the Classic of Mountains and Seas: "The hill of Xuanyuan... is three hundred miles to the west. It is called the mountain of accumulated stones. There is a stone gate under it. The river flows to the west. It is a mountain, and everything is there."

The specific textual research requires a long derivation. I guess you are not interested in geography. In short, add up the distances mentioned in the Xishan Jing and know that this mountain is not far from Kunlun. Just one thousand nine hundred miles.

I will tell you the answer directly, because Jishi Mountain has not been renamed, and it is still called Jishi Mountain now.

In Gansu Province, a mountain extending from today’s Qilian Mountains, there are indeed boulders all over the place, with huge boulders piled up on the ground, and there is a canyon with obvious traces of excavation and water erosion. That may be one of the old courses of the Yellow River. Foreign scholars have also verified that there was a big flood in Jishi Mountain.

The Yellow River diverted its course many times, and there are 26 times recorded alone.

So in ancient times, we have been unable to verify how the Yellow River traveled.

This text may seem strange to you, how does the Yellow River go west to north?

In fact, there is no problem going north. The upper reaches of the Yellow River are originally going north, and there is no problem going west. The Yellow River as a whole goes east, but some sections of the river will go west.

The meaning of the Yellow River Jiuqu is that it does not go straight east. If you zoom in and subdivide its section, you will find that it is twisted, up and down, left and right, and finally flows into the sea.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas was written here, and finally entered the Jishi Mountain led by Yu.

The Jishi Mountain is in the Qilian Mountains, that is to say, this section only describes the short journey of the Yellow River upstream from its source to the Qilian Mountains.

For such a short distance, it is normal for the Yellow River to go west and north.

In fact, the current Yellow River is also like this. It flows from the Bayan Har Mountains, flows northeast for a certain distance, suddenly turns northwest, and flows to the south of the Qilian Mountains before continuing east.

In addition, the Bohai Sea here in Shanhaijing is not the Bohai Sea we know, but Qinghai Lake in my opinion.

Because Qinghai Lake is located in the southern section of Qilian Mountains, south of Jishi Mountain.

In ancient times, in the era of Yu, in order to control the water, Jishi Mountain was excavated to divert the Yellow River and discharge the flood.

This section of Shan Hai Jing records the river course at that time.

There are high mountains in all directions of Kunlun. I will not introduce them in detail. I will talk about Kunlun later.

So the meaning of the section of Jishi Mountain is: [The Yellow River flows out from the mountain northeast of Kunlun, and runs northward for a while, until it is blocked by the Qilian Mountains, and then turns back to the southwest. It flows into Qinghai Lake. Then the water potential of Qinghai Lake rose, rushing out a river, that is, the Yellow River flowed into Qinghai Lake and then flowed in, continuing west and north, until Jishi Mountain was dug by Yu Dayu in the Qilian Mountains. 】

After passing Jishi Mountain, I don't know where it will flow. It's not written here, but it's not important.

In short, this section is to introduce a short section of the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and by the way, it introduces Dayu digging mountain roads, dredging waterways, and tampering with the Yellow River.

The above is a one-sided record of Dayu's flood control in Shan Hai Jing.

Another passage in the Classic of Mountains and Seas also supports this point: "Among the wilderness, there is a mountain named Xianjian Dafeng Mountain, where Heji enters, and Haibei pours into it. To the west there is a mountain called Yu's Accumulated Stone. .”

This passage says that there is a first threshold, Dafeng Mountain, on the east side of Jishi Mountain. The Yellow River and Jishui all flow through it, and Haibei infiltrates it. This indirectly proves that the 'sea' there is exactly Qingdao Lake.

About Dayu's water control, is there any Shanhaijing? Have.

"Shan Hai Jing": "Among the wilderness, there is a mountain named Rotten Mountain, and the green water is poor. There is a mountain of clouds and rain, and there is a tree named Luan. Yu attacks the clouds and rain."

The meaning is very simple, there is a rotten painted mountain, and the green water will disappear when it flows to it. There is also Yunyu Mountain, where there is Luanmu. Dayu attacked Yunyu Mountain.

This attack is very interesting.

There are similar records.

"Shan Hai Jing": "Beyond the northwest sea, in the corner of the wilderness, there is a mountain that does not fit together. In the east of Shui there is Mount Mu. There is Yu attacking Gonggong Mountain.”

This paragraph involves a lot, including Buzhou Mountain and Gonggong Kingdom. I will write a separate chapter to explain it in the future. Here I will directly translate it.

The meaning is also very simple: Overseas in the northwest, in the wilderness, there is a broken mountain called Buzhou Negative Son. There are two yellow beasts guarding it. There is also a river called Hanshushui. There is a wet mountain on the west side of this river and Mushan mountain on the east side. Dayu attacked the mountains of these Gonggong countries.

Two pieces of information are revealed here, one is the Buzhou Mountain area, both of which belong to the Gonggong Kingdom. The other is that Yu attacked the mountain here.

Whether it is "Yu attacking Yunyu Mountain" or "Yu attacking Gonggong Mountain", it actually has the same meaning as the previous "Yu Daoji Mountain".

It is to describe Dayu digging mountains and digging roads to dredge the Yellow River.

The Book of Mountains and Seas describes that Gun stole the emperor's land to drown the flood.

As for Yu's description, he 'attacked' mountains.

That is to say: "Gun did not pass through the water, and strictly blocked it. He wanted to stop the flood, but how could manpower fight against nature? In the end, he failed. Dayu knew that blocking is worse than dredging, so he used the method of opening mountains to divert water." , vent the Yellow River, control the flood, and succeed."

The above is the story of Dayu's flood control that everyone is familiar with.

But is it really that simple? There are more details in Shan Hai Jing.

It's not that Gun didn't know that blocking is worse than sparse. "Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Bei Jing": "There is Mount Yu. There is Gun attacking the mountains of Chengzhou."

It is clearly written here that Gun also 'attacked' some mountains.

Gun also knew how to dig mountains and dig roads to dredge floods. So why did he fail? And Yu succeeded?

I will tell you three reasons.

First, lack of experience and limited ability.

Although Gun also digs mountains and digs roads, he is a pioneer. Maybe no one has done this before him, and the most difficult thing is the first person.

Just like the abolition of Chinese characters, the proponents are all pioneers of new culture. In order to find a way for the country, they opened up a way to break the situation under the confusion, chaos and external impact.

There are many mistakes and mistakes, which is very normal.

There are so many mountains and water systems recorded in the Shanjing, are they all sorted out by Yu? Not necessarily, but the accumulated experience of his family through the generations.

Qin Shihuang unified the six kingdoms and was also the survivor of Fen VI. There were six generations of Mingjun in a row, and in the end the great credit fell to Yingzheng. But 80% of the credit has to be counted from Qin Xiaogong, and it has been superimposed from generation to generation.

Every generation has its own contribution to water control, and Yu is just the last one to complete the puzzle.

This is also the reason why Shun trusted Yu and left the water control to his family. Their family has been a famous water control family for generations.

Even though Gun made a big failure, in fact, Shun probably knew that Gun's death was a bit wronged.

Due to various reasons, Gun failed to control the Yellow River well. Gun himself knew it, and he knew it well, so he "stealed the emperor's soil to drown the flood".

The essence of stealing the word is that it was premeditated, and when the flood had arrived, he would have no time to steal it.

That is to say, after Gun Yitong operated, he could see that the Yellow River was about to break its embankment under heavy rain during the flood season. Of course, it was not too early, about a day to half a day earlier.

He knew that his operation of digging roads to release the flood would fail, and he knew that a big flood would soon overwhelm him. He had no choice but to steal soil to block it and make the last struggle.

"Shan Hai Jing": "The flood was raging, and Gun stole the emperor's resting soil to fill up the flood, without waiting for the emperor's order. The emperor ordered Zhurong to kill Gun in Yujiao. Gun revived Yu, and the emperor ordered Yu to lay soil to fix Kyushu. "

So what exactly is Xiran?

It is said that the soil is the soil that will increase by itself. Gao You of the Eastern Han Dynasty commented: "The soil is not consumed, but the digging is more beneficial, so it is used to fill the flood."

This annotation has misled people for nearly two thousand years, and directly added mythological color to Gun Yu's water control. It also added a great innate treasure to the modern prehistoric novels.

I don’t know if you still remember this person, this Gao You, who also annotated ‘Chang’e, Yi’s Wife’, the guy who issued marriage certificates to two great ancient figures.

That is to say, his two annotations, one sets up a mythical object like Xiyang, and the other opens up the love story of Chang'e and Houyi.

Awesome!

Therefore, in the Jin Dynasty Guo Pu's notes, he wrote: "Those who breathe the soil say that the soil grows and breathes infinitely, so it can block floods."

Did they really not know what Xirang is? Maybe they are just deliberately mysterious ancient figures that's all.

"Shuowen": soil, soft soil.

"Lunheng · Straightforwardness": Deep plowing and fine hoeing, thick manure soil.

"Shiming Shidi" written by Liu Xi of the Eastern Han Dynasty said: Soil means soil, and it means fat.

In the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties, Gu Yewang's "Jade Pian" said: "The soil is slow and fertile."

In other words, the fertile and moderate land is called 'soil'.

You should have heard of Zheng Xuan during the Three Kingdoms period, a master of Confucian classics, he commented on Zhou Li and wrote: "Soil, also soil, is a change of words. Soil is said to be self-generated. Soil is still spit out. It is plowed by people. The art of crops and trees is about soil. Soil, gentle appearance."

I will not translate, but tell you directly that soil is the name of a specific soil.

The field where grass and flowers grow in the wild is called soil. The soil that can be used by people to cultivate crops is called soil.

Arable land means nothing more. And crops grow on the soil, and what is divided into pieces is called a field.

What is interest?

There is nothing to say about this, breathing in and out.

Therefore, the meaning of resting the soil, Gun and Yu governing the water, was extended to the soil that can breathe. It is alive and can grow, which is the so-called "soil grows and breathes infinitely".

So, what does Xiran mean?

The Western Han Dynasty "Huainanzi · Topography Training" records: "The land is born according to its kind... Light soil is more beneficial, heavy soil is late... That is why people in hard soil are strong, and people in weak soil are weak. People in loess are big, people in sandy soil Fine. The natives are beautiful, but the natives are ugly.”

Translated on the surface, it means that one side nourishes the other side. People on light soil are quick, people on heavy soil are dull, people on hard soil are strong, people on weak soil are weak, people on loamy soil are tall, people on sandy soil are short, people on dry soil are beautiful, The people on it are ugly.

I won't translate all of them with you, because the comparison between the two is actually the difference between rigidity and softness, and weakness.

Heavy soil, hard soil, loamy soil, and waste soil refer to heavy, hard, black, dry and cracked soil respectively.

The light soil, weak soil, sandy soil, and resting soil refer to light, loose, gravel, and fertile soil respectively.

The resting soil is excellent soil.

In the "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, a question was written: "Today, there is a piercing ground, with an area of ​​10,000 feet, what is the geometry of the solid soil?"

A very simple application question, "The answer is: 7,500 feet for solid, 12,500 feet for soil."

Why? "The technique says: four for piercing the ground, five for the soil, three for the firm, and four for the ruins."

Because the volume of ordinary land is four, the volume of soil is five, the volume of compacted soil is three, and the volume of hills and ruins is also four.

Piercing ground is a common ground, and any piece of land in the wild is basically a penetrating ground. Ruins soil, as the name suggests, is the soil of Qiuxu. In fact, it is also ordinary soil, because it has not been irrigated by a plow.

"Nine Chapters of Arithmetic Notes", "The soil is called the resting soil, and the firm is called the building soil."

Soil is tamped soil, which is used to build embankments and the like.

This is to introduce a ratio. Under the same quality, the volume of compacted soil is three-fifths of the soil, and the volume of ordinary soil and ruins is four-fifths of the soil.

The soil is a very low-density, very soft soil, which is artificially plowed and irrigated.

In other words, the soil is the most soft, fertile and sweet land.

'The soil is called the resting soil', the resting soil is already soft and fertile enough to breathe. The ancients praised that people who live in the resting soil will be very beautiful.

Then how fertile is the combination of the two words 'interest' and 'soil'?

The three grades of soil, rest soil, and rest soil are actually inferior soil, high-grade soil, and super experimental field soil.

It can be imagined that it has been specially irrigated and fertilized, plowed repeatedly, full of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, full of golden rubbish, it is likely to be the soil of the emperor's garden, the soil of Huangzhuang. That's why it's called Emperor's Breath Land.

After reading so much, you can directly think that the soil is the most precious, fertile and irrigated top-grade soil at that time.

For a long time, the ancients knew what the soil is, the emperor's garden soil, the most fertile soil in the whole world.

The father of our hybrid rice, Professor Yuan, used 'Xi Soil' in his experimental fields.

It’s just that, the name Xiran was no longer used since ancient times, and gradually changed to refer to the soil that Gun stole back then. Later people only regarded Xitu as the highest level, and there was no such level as Xiyang divided.

That's why people like Gao You can be given room to develop and deify Xi Yang.

To sum up, look at the "Shan Hai Jing" again: "The flood was raging, and Gun stole the emperor's breath to fill up the flood, without waiting for the emperor's order. The emperor ordered Zhu Rong to kill Gun in Yujiao. Gun revived Yu, and the emperor ordered Yu Zubu Kyushu is determined by the soil."

We knew that Gun had stolen the soil from the Emperor's garden and used it to stop the flood...

This is equivalent to stealing the soil from Professor Yuan's experimental field when there was a flood in my home in 1993, packing it in sacks, and throwing it into the flood.

Xi Soil must be in a high place, somewhere out of the reach of floods, otherwise, in that era, it would have been washed away long ago, and the flood would not be regarded as a crime.

Let's not talk about right and wrong, the act of digging up the soil to fill the flood must have been death in ancient times.

This is indeed the case. Gun was detained in the suburbs of Mount Yu, and then executed by the emperor Zhu Rongming.

So who is this emperor? Why did Gun risk his life in such a way and go to fill the flood with Xiyang? Don't you know if you will die if you do this? Why not wait for the emperor's order?

Besides the Classic of Mountains and Seas, the earliest record of Gun is Shangshu of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, organized by Confucius.

Too many words, very obscure, I will not post the original text, "Historical Records" also records this content, completely inherited Yao Dian, and added some, the organizer is Sima Qian.

I will combine Shangshu and Shiji to directly translate Confucian sayings.

The general idea is: the flood is raging, and the people are calling for how to solve it. Emperor Yao asks everyone who will be sent to control the flood and take up the position of "engineer".

A craftsman is the leader of all craftsmen, you can understand it as the highest officer of craftsmen. Water control must be the task of the craftsmen, so the appointment of the craftsmen at that time was the governor of the water control.

The Yandou clan recommended the Gonggong clan to serve. At this time, the Yandou clan was not the four crimes. But whether it is Yao's son Danzhu family, I am not sure, let's just regard it as Yao's confidant family.

As for recommending Gong Gong, Yao directly said no.

Emperor Yao commented on Gonggong's rhetoric, which is obedient and contradictory, seemingly respectful, but actually contemptuous and disrespectful to God. The original text (quiet words are not contradictory, like respectful monstrous).

But Zhuangdou said to give it a try, there is no other candidate.

Then Emperor Yao asked Gonggong to try it, but the result was 'it was useless, so it was inconvenient for the people'.

Then Emperor Yao asked Siyue again. Siyue is the military and political ministers of the four regions in the southeast, northwest, let's just think of the four governors. Emperor Yao himself directly governs the central part, that is, the "China" region.

All the Four Mountains recommended Gun to control the floods, but Emperor Yao also said no, the reason was that Gun was "a man who ordered the ruined clan".

Fang Ming means disobeying orders. The ruined tribe means to endanger the tribe.

Si Yue also said that please try it, Emperor Yao agreed.

The result of the exam is "nine years, the performance is useless", and nine years have been in vain.

Afterwards, San Miao happened to be rebelling too, so ‘Liu Gonggong in Youling to transform Beidi. Put Huandou in Chongshan to change the Nanman. Move the three seedlings to Sanwei to change Xirong. Killed Gun in Yushan to change Dongyi. ’

In Confucianism, the four crimes are thus formed. Note that this is the reason for the four crimes in the historical records, not the reality.

I wondered, isn't this a blame game? Gonggong was charged with the four crimes because it failed to control the water? Huandou was convicted of the four crimes because he recommended and guaranteed Gong Gong, and he was guilty of the same crime as him? Needless to say, San Miao, the descendants of Chi You, have not yet merged, and often make trouble. Gun was convicted of four crimes, and in the historical records, it was only because of nine years of inaction.

Sima Qian senior black, isn't this incompetent and furious...

There are many, many classical Chinese texts above, which I did not post, but are from "Shangshu" and "Historical Records".

In this regard, my evaluation is... no doubt, a nonsense.

The dialogue of the ancients, later people know a hammer!

But we can reverse it. Sima Qian basically copied the Shangshu, but in the Shangshu compiled by Confucius, there was no specific reason for the four crimes of exile, but only recommended, tried, and it was futile.

The evaluation of Emperor Yao and Gun is the earliest evaluation of Gun.

"Fang ordered the ruined clan", this evaluation is very interesting, disobeying orders, endangering the clansmen.

This just confirms the "not waiting for the emperor's order" in the Shan Hai Jing.

So any other dialogues, just listen to the music, for reference only. But we can accept the evaluation of "Fang Ming", because it is also written in the Shan Hai Jing.

That is to say, in the eyes of people in the Spring and Autumn Period, Emperor Yao disliked Gun very much, thinking that Gun liked to disobey his orders.

If you don't listen to the leader's order, how can the leader entrust you with important tasks? So Emperor Yao didn't want Gun to control the water very much.

But Siyue recommended Gun to try, so Emperor Yao reluctantly let Gun to control the flood, after all, the flood was raging.

We can imagine, how could Emperor Yao give his full support to a candidate whom Emperor Yao himself did not want?

About how Gun died, Qu Yuan mentioned in "Li Sao": "Gun died straight away, and finally died in the field of feathers".

婞, stubborn, stubborn, disobedient.

Straightforward, don’t you need to translate this? It means not to bend, and it is extended to be straight.

It's straightforward, I think I can do whatever I want. I don't want you to think, I want me to think.

Straightforward means being stubborn and contradictory, not tactful, strong and forthright, without turning your head.

The meaning of Qu Yuan's words is very clear: this man Gun died because of his "straightness", and finally ended up in a violent corpse in the wilderness of Yushan.

This is also in line with the "Shan Hai Jing": "Do not wait for the emperor's order. The emperor ordered Zhurong to kill Gun in Yujiao."

Still the same sentence, we shall take the Classic of Mountains and Seas as the standard. Although "Shangshu" and "Lisao" are documents from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, since there is no discrepancy with the Classic of Mountains and Seas in this evaluation, it shows that Gun was in the pre-Qin period. We all know what kind of person he is.

Confucius had political goals, so he wrote that Gun 'disobeyed orders', and more than that, he added 'endangering the tribe'. Later, the whole family was exiled, which shows that Emperor Yao knew people well. Confucius wanted to set off Emperor Yao.

But Qu Yuan has no position in this regard. He is the person who wrote "Heavenly Questions", and he has a lot of confusion and even doubts about some mysterious and suspicious ancient times.

Qu Yuan directly commented on Gun's character design without any doubts, and directly commented that he died because he was straightforward and did not turn around.

We can think that this has high credibility, especially when it corresponds to Shan Hai Jing.

So, seeing this, I think you have sorted out the original appearance of history.

Combining all the clues I interpreted above, I already understand how Gun died.

He is straightforward and stubborn. Emperor Yao disliked him very much, because Gun was always stubborn and refused to obey his orders.

The world belongs to Emperor Yao. He speaks widely and everyone can recommend and suggest, but the person who finally gives the order must be Emperor Yao.

And what about Gun? Without thinking too much, as long as Emperor Yao didn't accept his suggestion, Gun would do it directly without waiting for Emperor Yao's order.

This kind of person, it is strange that Emperor Yao is willing to let him lead Baigong, his emotional intelligence is too low, and his political consciousness is zero.

It is conceivable that Gun's flood control is full of difficulties, and it is impossible for Emperor Yao to fully support him.

There is no support from the leaders and superiors, no green light from all aspects, and there may even be obstruction.

What can you achieve by just doing it like an orphan of Gun?

After nine years, Gun has a theory of both blocking and combing, but the degree of completion is too low.

The Yellow River is still flooding, the Yellow River always floods, Gun has already predicted that the flood will come, the dam will not last long, and the small bursts will soon turn into countless large torrents, and the people downstream will fall into the sky In the flood.

In this regard, he can only keep strengthening the embankment and filling the water with soil. He is already crazy, so crazy that he doesn't care about the endless soil. So what about the emperor's garden soil and the royal manor? It was also planed to fill the Yellow River!

Facing the flood, all assets are unimportant, only human life is as big as the sky.

In the end, whether he stopped the flood, I don't know.

Maybe he just delayed for a while, buying time for everyone to evacuate. Let everyone escape to high places, on mountains and hills, to avoid floods.

"Huainanzi": "Jianghuai flows all over the world, and the four seas are in chaos. The people all go to the hills and trees."

In this regard, Gun has committed a huge crime. This crime is not in vain in water control, "the performance cannot be used".

It's 'Gun stole the breath of the emperor and used it to flood the flood, not waiting for the emperor's order. The emperor ordered Zhu Rong to kill Gun in Yujiao. ’

Not only is it useless, but it has been done. He took the Emperor's Breathing Soil and went to fill the flood! capital offense!

Kill, the whole family will be exiled!

Will Gun not know what a crime it is to dig up the soil?

If the flood only flooded the houses and people's fields, Emperor Yao would not be hungry, and many people might die, but it is a natural disaster after all. But Xirang Manor, which was used for flood protection in the highlands, was also destroyed, and with so many people still alive, everyone would go hungry! This is a man-made disaster.

Under natural disasters, only the flood control failed, nine years without success, and most exiled. If a man-made disaster is done, it is a crime of stealing the emperor's rest and not waiting for the emperor's order.

Gun chose the death penalty and chose to save as many lives as possible. Maybe he didn't save too many people, maybe he really saved a lot of people.

When the soil is gone, it can be regenerated, but when a person dies, he will not be resurrected.

There is hope in life, and Gun can die, so he left hope behind.

He is just a pioneer, he is groping for a way to subdue the Yellow River, he knows how to block and block together, although he is not supported by Emperor Yao, despite the difficulties, he has tried his best to do it.

Perhaps he made a lot of mistakes in water control, and even because of his stubbornness and stubbornness, he failed for nine years,

However, the forerunners groped their way out of the wilderness, overcoming thorns and thorns. The hardest thing is the first person.

All his mistakes also have a name called experience.

Gun may have expected that he would fail, so in the end he only wanted to save more people. Human life is hope, and this hope will eventually bear fruit, waiting for the person who really surrendered to the Yellow River.

He may not have thought that that person was his son.

All the failures of the pioneers are just to put together the puzzles entrusted to him by the times, so failure is the mother of success. The latecomers are better than the predecessors, just because he stands on the shoulders of the predecessors, and the times are advancing.

The wheel of history is rolling forward. The so-called son of destiny is nothing but the **** condensation of countless ancestors' sacrifices. It's just a jigsaw puzzle of the times, finally waiting for the last piece.

This is true of Qin Shihuang, and so is Dayu.

The important task of flood control finally fell on Si Wenming.

Just like his name, Wen Ming.

This name was a cheap name at the time, but in our opinion, it is really wonderful.

It may be that Emperor Yao tattooed the command tattoo on the body of his young successor Dayu in the form of a tattoo because Gun violated the emperor's order, in order to warn Gun's descendants to obey the emperor's order!

Because of such tattoos on his body, Dayu was called 'Wen Ming'.

Or, this is the elders of Gun's clan, who personally carved it on Dayu's body, so that he must remember: The important task of revitalizing the family rests on your shoulders. Named "Wen Ming".

What's more, Dayu's real name is not this. Maybe it's just attached by later generations, saying that Dayu is a person branded by the fate of heaven, and it's for 'Wen Ming'.

In any case, the benevolent see benevolence, and the wise see wisdom.

"...Gun revived Yu, and the emperor ordered Yu to spread the soil to fix Kyushu."

Sheng, the meaning of derivative. The Yellow Emperor gave birth to Luo Ming, Luo Ming gave birth to a white horse, the white horse was for Gun, and Gun was resurrected to give birth to Yu.

The white horse of the criminal clan was driven to the edge of the Yanhuang civilization circle and became a barbarian.

But Yu did not forget his father's behest, nor did he slack off.

Failure is the mother of success. He tried hard to ponder the materials left by his predecessors, and perfected the water control theory of combining blocking and dredging.

And in the end, there came the Shun who could penetrate people's hearts, was extremely knowledgeable, and was good at employing people, so much so that later generations suspected that he was a time traveler. (For details, see the routines of ancient emperors in the previous episode.)

In the Shan Hai Jing, although the emperor who killed Gun and the emperor who used Yu both only wrote the word "di", without specifying who they were.

But I think that if it was Yao who killed Gun, it is impossible for Yao to use Yu again.

Exile the whole family and slap yourself in the face? Even so, it was Yao who entrusted Shun with the task of water control.

Shun's emotional intelligence is extremely high, so he promoted Yu in the name of emperor.

I even think that after Shun succeeded to the throne, he used the grown-up Yu, who had an insight into Yu's talent and character, promoted him exceptionally, and entrusted him with important tasks.

Shun, what a wise man who has insight into people's hearts, he never doubts when he employs people, and does not use doubtful people.

He fully understood Yu, who, like Gun, was an extremely pragmatic person.

After decades of water control, Yu encountered countless difficulties.

These decades were all during Shun's tenure, without Shun's full support behind it, it would have been impossible to succeed. Therefore, the person who made great use of Yu must be Shun, who also had the ability to know people and employ them.

Gun's failure and Yu's success are not only the difference in experience, but in my opinion, there is also whether the emperor fully supports and trusts them.

"Yu guided the mountain of accumulated stones", "Yu attacked the mountain of clouds and rain", "Yu attacked the mountain of Gonggong country".

The difference between leading and attacking may be a completely different process.

Jishi Mountain is also located in a remote place, no one lives there, so it is just a 'guide'.

The Yunyu Mountain and the Gonggong Mountain are obviously within the actual control of the major clans, and there are people living there.

Does the attack here really mean no war?

In other people's chassis, chiseling other people's mountains, there is no conflict at all?

Flood discharge and diversion, if it will flood the settlement, it must be migrated.

It may not be that simple to open other people's mountains and migrate other people's people. With the modern organization, it is very difficult. In that era, great conflicts and social conflicts will inevitably erupt.

It is normal for soldiers to meet each other.

But obviously, Shun is very supportive of Yu. Only with this person who has a very high emotional intelligence, who has risen from the humble beginnings to become an emperor, endorsed for Yu, and acted as Yu's solid backing, can Yu succeed.

Gun attacked Yushan and Chengzhou Mountains, but failed in the end.

Then Yu attacked Yunyu Mountain and all kinds of mountains in the Gonggong Kingdom, what was the result?

Shan Hai Jing: "The name of the Gonggong minister is Xiang Yao. He has a nine-headed snake body, rings around himself, and eats on the nine soils. What he eats and eats is the source of water. It is not hard but hard, and there is no place for beasts. Yu Yu flooded, killing Prime Minister Yao, its blood stinks, and no valleys can grow. The land is rich in water, and it is not inhabitable. Yu Yuzhi, three feet and three depressions, is a pond, and the emperors thought it was a platform. It is in the north of Kunlun. "

Xiangyou is a vassal of the Gonggong clan, and his totem is a nine-headed snake with a self-ring. Wow, this totem is super shocking, much more handsome than the Marvel Hydra icon, Xiangyou is the ancient Hydra organization?

Just kidding, in short, this Xiangyou family is very powerful, it will swallow a lot of land, and its vomit will turn the land into streams and swamps. The water on it is bitter, probably sewage, and animals can't do it Survive.

Yu blocked the flood, destroyed Xiang Yao, the blood was stinky, polluted the land, and no plants could grow.

That area was a swamp, full of water, uninhabitable. Yu filled it with soil and dug away the rotten and polluted soil, but it was still a swamp, and the good soil that was filled was also polluted.

Finally, Yu piled the excavated silt into a platform, which is the Qundi Terrace, in the north of Kunlun.

This platform is roughly the 'Diku Terrace, Di Yao Terrace, Di Dan Zhu Terrace, and Di Shun Terrace' written in the Shan Hai Jing.

Actually, Yu still has EQ... Although he is as pragmatic as his father, he is not stupid and has a good relationship with Shun. Later, he opened up a purely hereditary dynasty, which also showed his political wisdom.

In short, this passage is a record of the troubles encountered by Yu during the period of water control and dredging of mountains and rivers.

The attack on the Gonggong Mountain was not smooth. The Gonggong family did not want to migrate again, did not want the mountain to be dug up, and directly met Yu Bingrong.

In this regard, "Huainanzi" also has similar records.

"In the time of Shun, the Gonggong revived the flood and used the thin air to grow the mulberry. The Dragon Gate was not opened, Luliang was not opened, the Jianghuai River was flowing, and the four seas were in chaos. The people all went to Qiuling and went to the trees."

Well, according to this meaning, the flood is the fault of Gong Gong?

Actually, it is obvious that Gonggong should have just had a conflict with Yu and was unwilling to cooperate. It just had a wave with Yu.

Gong Gong Here I will briefly explain that the word "Gong" is written in oracle bone inscriptions to move a square object with both hands, which means the cooperation of both hands. The character "工" in oracle bone inscriptions is written as "工" above "口" and "工" is in the shape of a wooden tool such as adze, so the character "工" in oracle bone inscriptions means to use tools such as adze to repair things, or Artisans who perform such activities. It can be seen that the meaning of the term "Gonggong" is to cooperate to complete a complicated thing.

This is the construction of water conservancy. Some people have verified that the Gonggong clan is a tribe that is good at organizing manpower to control water. They leveled the highlands and filled the lowlands. Build embankments in upstream waters.

Actually, it is a reservoir.

However, their engineering capabilities are obviously limited, and the reservoir cannot be stored forever, so there must be dredging measures.

Don't doubt the wisdom of the ancients. The ancient city of Liangzhu 7,000 years ago has been excavated by us in the ruins of a primitive reservoir, which can store floods and prevent water. It is the earliest water conservancy project in the world and has applied for world cultural heritage.

Gonggong is good at this, because he always releases floods, or the reservoir bursts due to mistakes, so Gonggong is passed down as the **** of water by later generations, and it is said that he has a fierce temperament and often uses floods to harm people. The reason is here.

In this regard, the Gonggong clan must have their own blame, and it is very likely that they deliberately used people's fear of floods to threaten the surrounding tribes.

Shan Hai Jing: "There are mountains connected to Kunming, and there is Gonggong's platform. Shooters dare not shoot north, and are afraid of Gonggong's platform. The platform is to the east. There is a snake in the corner of the platform, the color of a tiger, and it is the first to shoot. South."

Translation means that there is Gonggongtai, and others dare not shoot arrows to the north, because they are afraid of Gonggongtai. The platform is in the east of Kunshan Mountain, square and square, and there is a snake in the south (painted) with tiger-colored markings.

I thought, the tiger-colored snake may be a dragon relief gate of the reservoir, probably a decoration on the spillway.

The gate for flood discharge is called Longmen.

As a vassal of the Gonggong clan, Xiangyou obviously has a similar reservoir, which is located at a high place, and as long as the gate is opened, it will 'vomit' sewage, so the good land will turn into a swamp, and it is still smelly. It's just that his totem, or the decoration of the gate, is a self-ringing hydra.

Because Yu wants to open mountains and move them, Xiang Yao is very dissatisfied. Gonggong also wants to weigh Shun's ability and see if he is worthy of being emperor. Don't even think about opening their mountain!

So the two sides clashed, and even a big war.

During the war, Xiang Yao directly attacked with water and opened a reservoir to discharge sewage. The sewage was likely to be long-term domestic sewage, and it might also be rich in minerals. , so the grain cannot grow.

Everyone who has experienced floods knows that floods are very dirty, because all kinds of dirty things will be thrown out of the ground, as well as all kinds of filth and silt.

If the reservoir is already very dirty, stagnant for a long time, with all kinds of domestic garbage, then it is completely fine to turn the submerged land into a smelly swamp if the flood is released again.

However, although the Gonggong family can play with water, Yu's family background is not ordinary. Gun and even Gun's ancestors also passed down a method of water control. Moreover, it is an advanced technology that uses both blockage and sparseness, which is more powerful than Gonggong's old-age technology.

Coupled with the strong support of Shun, the Gonggong clan was restrained and served as Dayu's solid backing.

So Yu won this battle, and not only that, but Shun also succeeded in pacifying the Gonggong clan, solving this long-standing trouble.

According to the Shangshu, Shun's merit is to make up for the four crimes. Gonggong is one of the four crimes.

Shun subdued Gong Gong. As for the Gun clan among the four crimes, he surrendered with gentle means. After surrendering, he also used Yu of the Gun clan for his own use.

So the Zhou Dynasty literature said that Shun was convicted of four crimes, I am afraid that what he said is true, at least in the Shan Hai Jing, there are clues that two of the crimes were punished.

To sum up, after gnawing down such a hard stubble of the Gonggong family, Yu and Shun's monarchs and ministers are compatible, and the entire water control plan for Kyushu can be implemented more smoothly, and there may be no major resistance in the future.

Stumbling, Yu and Shun, two extremely capable men, finally completed this great cause and conquered the Yellow River.

And during this period, Yu traveled around the world, traveled all over the mountains and rivers, and wrote the Lianshan Jing, which is the "Shan Jing" in "Shan Hai Jing".

The Mountain Classic is rigorous, while the Sea Classic is obviously scattered. It is a collection of sayings from various places. It may be a combination of a few ancient text records guarded by various tribes.

After that, Boyi, Yu's important minister, followed behind, adding Yu's own deeds into it, and combining them with pictures and texts, they were compiled into a map of mountains and seas, which was used as a classic of Xia Dynasty inheritance.

This is the Classic of Mountains and Seas, written for the first time.

It is also the reason why there is a big difference in the degree of order between the Book of Mountains and the Book of Seas.

The Book of Mountains was written by Yu, while the Book of Seas was compiled by collecting classics from various countries and tribes.

So the format of Shanjing is unified, one mountain after another, rigorous and detailed. The sea scriptures are relatively scattered, and the timeline is also very jumpy, for a while, the era of the Yellow Emperor, for a while, for the era of the Black Emperor, and for a while, it is Shaohao's side again.

Executive power is also much worse, and Yu has to control the water, and he is busy everywhere, so it is impossible to go overseas.

As for how far overseas is, what was the level of technology in the ancient Yellow Emperor period, and whether there was a big setback after Jedi Tiantong, I can only talk about it later.

Eloquent and eloquent, 18,000 words, barely finished Yu.

To summarize.

The myth of Dayu's water control is too biased. Everyone only praises the successful ones, but forgets the failed pioneers.

Before the pre-Qin period, it was also called Gun and Yu to control the water. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was called Dayu to control the water, and it was completely deified. Even because Gun finally died of "stealing the emperor to rest the soil to drown the flood", the content of the legend became Gun only knows how to block, but not how to comb. Dayu knew how to dredge the river, so he successfully controlled the water.

So much so that the original Gun Yu's water control became Dayu's water control.

Gun, who was originally charged with crimes and died of infamy, has become a background board to set off his descendants even more.

But after reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas, we know that the truth is that Yu stood on the shoulders of his fathers, and Gun already had a theory of combining blocking and sparseness, but the resistance was too great and finally failed.

He was a loser and a pioneer. Under the historical materialism, Gun has fulfilled his mission of the times, and Yu has also fulfilled his mission of the times, that's all.

The ancestors overcame thorns and thorns, only to reproduce for future generations. The essence of the superiority of the later generations over the predecessors is the sacrifice and foundation of the predecessors.

Without Qin Xiaogong’s reform of Shangyang, without Qin Huiwen and Wang Lianheng, there was no Qinwu King’s alliance with Yue to control Chu, there was no Qin Zhaoxiang’s whale swallowing, and Changping World War I broke the fate of Zhao’s country. How could Qin Shihuang rule the world.

Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty attacked the Xiongnu in the north, thanks to Wenjing. The trend of the prosperous Tang Dynasty began in the Sui Dynasty. Zhao Song Qingping originated from Guo Chai.

The end of the era of containment by the Black Emperor is the sacrifice of the presidents of the past generations, the mission of the containment organizations of the past generations, the rebellion of the ancestors of the past generations, and the continuation of the rebels of the past generations.

Yu conquered the Yellow River and succeeded Gun. The distribution of land in Kyushu depends on Shun.

Shun started at the end of the century, and his kindness is more important than that granted by Yao. Yao received Zen from his elder brother, and the mandate of heaven changed from Zhuanxu. Zhuanxu is extremely powerful, and Nairu and Shaohao abandoned the piano. Shaohao De Zeyi Xia, all youth are inherited from Yanhuang.

One of the five emperors, there should be Dayu. No matter whether the world recognizes their existence, the dust can't cover up the legend of Gun Yu's water control.

There is no novelty in this article, only rich history.

Too many words, I hope someone can read this in full.

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