Bringing the Supermarket to the Apocalypse Chapter 514:

In 1888, Darwin also gave science a definition: "Science is to sort out facts, discover laws from them, and draw conclusions." Darwin's definition points out the connotation of science, namely facts and laws. Science has to discover facts unknown to people, and use this as a basis to seek truth from facts, rather than pure thinking dreams that deviate from reality. As for the law, it refers to the inevitable connection of the inner essence between objective things. Therefore, science is established on the basis of practice, after practical tests and rigorous logical argumentation, a knowledge system about the nature and movement laws of various things in the objective world.

Science is a knowledge system about nature, society and thinking. It is produced and developed to meet the needs of people ’s production struggle and class struggle. It is the crystallization of people ’s practical experience.

Science is first of all different from common sense. Science seeks to organize things through classification. In addition, science seeks to explain things by revealing the laws that govern them.

Science is the phenomenon and law of the universe. The laws set by the universe will not negate each other. For example, the universe will not stipulate that its rules are wrong. In this rule, the universe can only specify that one is right and the other is wrong. Traveling through time and space is itself a refutation, thinking that traveling through time and space science is superstition.

The laws set by the universe will not be meaningless, for example, the universe will not stipulate that nothing exists in the universe, and the immutable existence is meaningless, so the objects in the universe will move and life will appear.

The hypothesis can be verified simply by collecting information from other sources, or by additional observations. More often, it needs to be verified by designing an experiment. The experiment enables scientists to verify the hypothesis by reproducing an event. There are often multiple variables rb in an event. The more variables, the more difficult the experiment will be. Therefore, controllable experiments are needed. Classical controllable experiments are divided into two groups, one group is called the control group and the other group is called the experimental group. Scientists tend not to accept the results of a single experiment, because that may be just random events that have no causal relationship with the experimental variables. This experiment is only credible if a large number of repeated experiments show obvious causality.

One of the core characteristics of scientific methods is communication. In most cases, the results of scientific research must be supervised and reviewed by others interested in the research. Communication takes place in the scientific exploration of people and a step, including publishing articles, public ideas and thoughts.

A scientist must first be a healthy skeptic. He must distinguish between facts and claims. Whether a thing is scientific depends on whether it is supported by a lot of rigorous evidence, not whether it sounds loud. In addition, scientists must pay great attention to details and have a strong moral identity for honesty.

The fundamental difference between science and non-science is whether the hypothesis can be tested. For example, we can assume that if the Xi'an Incident was killed, the War of Resistance Against Japan would win faster. This hypothesis cannot be verified, so history is not science, but history, literature, sociology, economics, and philosophy all have their logical core ideas. At the same time, scientific and non-scientific are not static, such as economics, which also uses a large number of scientific methods to help explain economic phenomena. In general, it is still far away from science.

Pseudoscience is not science, but it uses the appearance of "science" and the language of "science" to persuade, confuse, and mislead people to believe that it is scientifically credible. They cannot withstand the test of real science. True son set. For example, nutrition is indeed a science, and many people advertise nutritional products under the guise of using nutrition. We all know that the human body needs various nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, minerals, etc. If the nutrients are lacking, the body will malfunction. Many scientific experiments have verified this. In the vast majority of cases, the effectiveness of those health care products is far less impressive than their advertising, and our bodies do not need these health products as they advertise. In these advertisements, carefully selected out-of-the-box scientific information amino acids, vitamins, and minerals are essential for the human body and indeed make people feel that these products are very credible. In fact, the vast majority of people's daily diet contains sufficient amounts of nutrients, without the need to take supplements. It should be noted that these health products are often labeled with pure natural labels to promote that they are non-toxic, without side effects and have significant effects. However, the toxins, nicotine, and other substances are all natural. I think no one wants to add them to their own recipes.

From the definition of science, we know that it is a way to find information to solve problems, so science can only solve problems with objective reality. Problems such as morality, value judgment, social orientation, and personal attitude cannot be solved by scientific methods, but it is impossible to ignore science in order to pursue the spiritual world. At the same time, science is also limited by people's ability to explore essence from natural phenomena. People will make mistakes, and at the same time, people will sometimes draw wrong conclusions due to lack of information or misunderstandings. Science itself has the ability to correct errors. When we acquire new knowledge, we must change or abandon the original wrong ideas. Therefore, it seems that geocentric theory is a wrong conclusion. At the time, it was constructed by scientific methods, but was limited by human observation ability.

For any research method to be regarded as a scientific method, it must be that objective scientists cannot interpret the single result produced by the scientific method differently or change the result. Another basic expectation is that there must be complete information documents to support the evidence, and the research method must be carefully reviewed by a third party, and the method can be reproduced.

Generally, science is the pursuit of the laws of nature. There is an important criterion for the law of science, that is, under certain circumstances, there can be no counterexamples. Any objectively reproducible phenomenon that contradicts the existing scientific law is declared to have certain limitations.

Scientific methods use reproducible methods to explain natural phenomena. Put forward thought experiments or hypotheses from predictions. The prediction was made before confirming the experiment or observation to prove that there was no intervention. The counter-evidence of prediction is proof of progress. Scientific researchers propose hypotheses to explain natural phenomena, and then design experiments to test these hypotheses. Such experiments need to simulate natural phenomena under controlled conditions. In observational sciences, such as astronomy or geology, predictable observations can replace verification experiments. Overall, scientific methods can solve extremely innovative problems without being affected by subjective bias, also known as confirmation bias. To be continued.

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