Judge of the Song Dynasty Chapter 614: The first lesson of the year

Winter is gone and spring is coming, all things recover, and all good things will come back again, but for this year's Hezhong Mansion, all good things should start from spring.

This spring is different than any previous spring, because after a whole year of games, struggles, compromises, reconciliation, and preparations last year, the seeds of judicial reform and new laws have been planted. Look at this year.

Brand new laws, new salt bills, new tax laws, and new systems, all of which have officially entered the stage of Hezhong Mansion this year.

Some people are looking forward to this, while others are apprehensive about it.

However, judging from the first big market at the beginning of the year, it seems that the effect is not bad.

"Wow...how come there are so many people when the market opens this year?" A scholar standing in front of the market was overcrowded and jostling shoulder to shoulder, and couldn't help being startled.

I heard someone beside me say: "It seems to be true.

" The scholar turned his head and seeing that it was an uncle, he couldn't help asking: "Uncle, what is true? The uncle replied: "It is said that starting from this year, all city taxes will be exempted."

" "Huh? The scholar was taken aback, "Why is this?" The uncle replied: "It seems to be stipulated by the tax department that all taxes are combined into one, and these incomes should be taxed, so this city tax is also exempted."

" "That's it.

" The scholar nodded.

Now all the taxes are under the control of the tax department, because starting from this year, the tax department has completely canceled the city tax, and no one stops in front of the door to collect taxes. , Pay market management fees ranging from a few pennies to a dozen pennies.

As a direct result, the number of hawkers this year is double that of previous years.

"Thief!" "Thief!" Suddenly two shouts were heard.

But I saw a thin figure, pushing away from the crowd, and ran outside frantically.

Suddenly, he flew into the air, and then fell heavily to the ground.

"Aiyou" let out a scream.

But at the booth next to it, a young man withdrew his foot, walked forward slowly, and mentioned the thief, "You thief is so stupid, you even rushed in the face of our royal police.

" The thief looked back at the young man, and said aggrievedly: "There are so many people here, and you are not wearing a police uniform. How would I know, Sergeant Ma.

" This young man is Ma Xiaoyi.

Ma Xiaoyi shook his head speechlessly, then reached out and hooked his fingers at him.

The thief obediently put a money bag into Ma Xiaoyi's hand.

At this time, an old lady ran over in a panic, "Thief! There is a thief!" Seeing the purse in Ma Xiaoyi's hand, she hurriedly said, "It's my purse, my purse.

" "Your? "Ma Xiaoyi raised the purse in his hand.

The aunt nodded, "It's mine, it's really mine.

" Ma Xiaoyi handed the money bag to the aunt.

"Thank you Royal Police, thank you Royal Police.

" "You're welcome, this is what we should do.

" As he spoke, Ma Xiaoyi twisted the thief again, "Let's go! Come with me to the police station.

" The thief said with a mournful face, "Give me a chance, Sergeant Ma, I just couldn't hold it back just now, it was really my first time stealing.

" Ma Xiaoyi said: "Stop rambling! Recently, there is a lack of cleaning in this market.

" But as soon as I got out of the market, I suddenly saw a group of people rushing forward.

"What happened?" Ma Xiaoyi couldn't help being taken aback, and hurriedly stopped someone, asking, "My little brother, what happened?" "You don't know, the chief judge is going to give a lecture at the law school today We have to grab a seat now.

" After the little brother finished speaking, he hurriedly ran away with the crowd.

"Really?" Ma Xiaoyi said depressedly: "Third brother didn't tell me.

" As he spoke, he glanced at the thief in his hand.

The thief rolled his eyes, "Sheriff Ma, I promise, I will never steal anything again, you... just forgive me this time.

" After hesitating for a moment, Ma Xiaoyi asked: "Really.

" "Really really.

" The thief nodded hastily.

Just as Ma Xiaoyi was hesitating, Zhou Jia suddenly came over, "Sheriff Ma.

" "Brother Zhou, you came just in time.

" Ma Xiaoyi pushed the thief forward, "This guy just stole something in the market, and I stole it and got it, you take him to the police station to ask for a statement.

""Yes.

" Zhou Jia immediately came over and caught the thief.

The thief is hopeless.

"I still have something to do, so I'll go first.

" Ma Xiaoyi spread his stride and ran towards the direction of the flow of people.

Zhou Jia asked curiously, "Has Sergeant Ma encountered a big problem?" The thief said, "This policeman, if you let me go, I will tell you.

" Crack! Zhou Jia slapped the thief directly on the head, "You thief, you dare to negotiate terms with me, go.

"...This law school started as early as last winter, but Cai Bian, Shangguan Jun, and Ye Zuqia have always been in charge of teaching them. It is so cold in winter, how could the Chief Justice Taking classes with them, it is now spring and flowers are blooming, and today is the first class of the year, Zhang Fei plans to take this opportunity to take classes with them.

When Ma Xiaoyi rushed to the law school, he found that the surrounding area of ​​the law school was already three floors inside and three floors outside.

"There are so many people?" Ma Xiaoyi stood behind the crowd and jumped a few times, suddenly he had an idea, squeezed inside, and yelled: "Let's go, let's go! The police chief was ordered here to maintain law and order. /

" When everyone saw that it was Ma Xiaoyi, they immediately gave way, and Ma Xiaoyi came to the corridor smoothly.

This law school is just a big bungalow. It can even be understood that there is only one classroom. On the one hand, the construction period is too short. On the other hand, the teachers who come to the law school to teach are all working in the imperial court. , there is no need to set up an office.

Of course, this is actually convenient for more people to attend the class.

Zhang Fei still hopes that more people will be familiar with the law, at least to be able to judge whether their own interests have been violated. Only in this way, the public security law can be deeply rooted, and even if he leaves, there will be no problems.

Ma Xiaoyi first looked into the classroom, but seeing that the podium was empty, he couldn't help saying: "Fortunately! Fortunately! The third brother hasn't come yet.

" Looking around again, I found that the corridor next to the classroom has been occupied by officials and scholar-bureaucrats. I thought to myself, you people always want to fight against my third brother, and now you are here to listen to the class again. It’s really good Principle.

"Prefect Lu is here too?" Wang Shao walked up to Lu Gongru, Cai Yanqing, Fan Zhen, and Yuan Jiang, and bowed his hands to them.

Lu Gongru said with a smile: "Now the focus of our entire Shaanxi Road can be concentrated on your Hezhong Mansion. Look, I am not the only prefect here.

" He glanced to the side.

Indeed! Many magistrates and county magistrates have come to Hezhong Prefecture on business trips, because everyone knows that this is a very critical year. If it succeeds, it must cover the entire Shaanxi Road. They have to see what is going on, and Is the tax department really as powerful as the rumors say, so we should prepare early.

Wang Shao is also like a mirror, and said with a smile: "I heard that when President Zhang gave lectures in the capital, even the officials and Empress Dowager Cao attended the lectures. At his age, he can attract the Empress Dowager, officials, and the current prime minister to attend the lecture Since ancient times, this is really the first time!" Lu Gongru nodded and said: "This legal system is famous far and wide, but we still don't know much about it!" Wang Shao said: "Bachelor Yuan and Bachelor Fan have never heard of this in the capital. Three lectures?" Yuan Jiang sighed and said: "Ashamed, ashamed, I just missed the first class, and I still have a half-knowledge at the moment! Otherwise, I won't be defeated by him repeatedly!" "Haha!" Everyone burst into haha laughing out loud.

Cai Yanqing asked curiously: "Is this legal system so broad and profound?" They knew about Yuan Jiang's talent, but they still only had a half-knowledge, which is unbelievable! Fan Zhen nodded and said: "Otherwise, no one would think that the chief judge's legal system belongs to the founding school, and it does have his unique features.

"They are all great scholars and full of knowledge. Their evaluation made the surrounding officials and scholar-bureaucrats smack inwardly.

Really? Is it that great? "Yo! Mr. Liang is also here.

" Wei Yingfang walked in front of Liang Youyi, slightly surprised.

Liang Youyi snorted: "Old man, let's see if that Huangkou boy is a real talent, or is he trying to gain fame.

" Wei Yingfang's heart is like a mirror, you are just looking for faults, but he said: "I heard that when he was in the capital, even the officials and the queen mother went to attend his lectures in person.

" Liang Youyi said: "Maybe it was Sima Junshi who invited him to cheer for his judicial reform.

"Actually, many of them are here to mess things up. In the imperial court, there are rules. It is difficult for them to perform well, and they will be arrested if they fail to do so. But in class, hehe, this article is not the first , you dare to teach here, isn’t this the sheep delivered to your door.

While chatting, a person suddenly heard shouting: "The chief judge is here.

" Several people immediately raised their eyes and saw Zhang Fei coming here from the dedicated corridor connected to the imperial court.

In an instant, the crowd further narrowed the encirclement of the law school. Lu Gongru, Wang Shao, Yuan Jiang and others also entered the classroom immediately, standing at the back and occupying the best seats.

"Huh? What is the wooden board used for?" Lu Gongru asked curiously, looking at the vertical wooden board directly in front of him.

Yuan Jiang said: "It is a necessary tool for Zhang San to attend class. He will write the content on the wooden board and draw pictures to explain it.

""Draw a picture? Lu Gongru stroked his beard and smiled and said, "This is quite novel."

" At this time, Zhang Fei had already come to the podium, and he glanced at it first, "Wow... so many people! ’ But then added, talking to himself, ‘Fortunately, I’m used to it.

""...? "This first sentence has attracted many people's contempt.

Do you think we are all here to attend lectures? I'll see you later.

Zhang Fei raised his head and said loudly: "Whether you are a student of the law school or a student who came here because of curiosity, I hope you can maintain classroom discipline and don't make any noise, after all, my voice is only that loud.

" Immediately there was no sound inside or outside the classroom.

In fact, there is no need for Zhang Fei to remind, so many people, if they don't maintain discipline, how can they listen to this class! Everyone outside the classroom shut up and pricked up their ears.

Seeing that everyone is so obedient, Zhang Fei didn't say too much nonsense, and said directly: "Let's start the class now.

" As he spoke, he turned around and wrote four big characters on the wooden board with a charcoal pen --- the law of the rule of law.

As soon as these four words came out, the literati and bureaucrats looked at each other in dismay. Is this a word that a teacher should write? Even with charcoal, it won't be so ugly! The literati in the Northern Song Dynasty were really obsessed with calligraphy, and many of them saw Zhang Fei's calligraphy for the first time, because Xu Zhiqian and Cai Jing were usually the ones who reviewed the calligraphy.

I have to say that Zhang Fei's words really surprised them.

The students, including the students, were deeply disappointed.

Worthy of being born with an ear pen.

Zhang Fei completely ignored this point. Regarding this point, he has already compromised with himself. No matter how hard he tries, he will be despised by others. All he needs is to know himself. He said to a kind of student: "Let me first see how you have learned last year. What is the law of the rule of law?" Dozens of students were excited and apprehensive at the first class of the Chief Judge. They looked at each other and dared not make a sound.

Zhang Fei asked in surprise: "Don't you know?" The four little Vajras sitting in the front were really anxious.

What are you doing? Don't hurt us! The students nodded.

Zhang Fei said: "Since you know it, then say it!" The students read together: "A consensus to defend the legitimate rights and interests of individuals.

""Very good! Zhang Fei nodded and said: "Because the source of the law comes from a consensus among people. To put it simply, everyone thinks that stealing is wrong, so we should prohibit stealing. Everyone thinks that killing is wrong. Therefore, killing people must be prohibited. Later, people like Zichan and Li Kui wrote written laws based on these rules.

The source of the law is a consensus among people, and the consensus is born from the protection of personal interests. Everyone thinks that stealing is wrong because they are afraid of being robbed, not because they are worried about others.

So the concept of the rule of law is a consensus to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of individuals.

"Although Zhang Fei's lectures are as rough as his handwriting, the words are not rough, and the scholar-bureaucrats who are listening can understand it immediately.

"And this class, what I want to talk about is how to implement the law of the rule of law, at this point.

" Zhang Fei suddenly looked at the Four Little King Kongs, "Your four teachers also often make mistakes in this.

" The four little King Kong squeezed out an awkward smile, but they were full of expectations in their hearts. They were indeed a little unskilled in using the law.

Zhang Fei asked again: "Our "Song Xing Tong" is inherited from...?" He deliberately paused.

"Tang law is discussed.

" A student rushed to answer immediately.

Zhang Fei nodded with a smile as a sign of encouragement, and then asked: "Again, is "Tang Lu Shu Yi" based on...?" Another student said: "Confucianism.

""Good.

" Zhang Fei nodded and said: ""Tang Law Discussion" is based on Confucianism, which is the rule of virtue we often talk about.

But whether it is the previous "Tang Law Shuyi" or the current "Song Xingtong", does it contain all Confucianism? "No one rushed to answer this question, and the students present all thought about it seriously.

Cai Bian hesitated and said, "No.

""Of course not.

" Zhang Fei said: "If it was possible, just based on your attitude towards the teacher in the first class, the four of you would have been sent to prison long ago, and you can still sit here in class.

" Four Little King Kong lowered his head in embarrassment, this teacher really holds a grudge! How long has it been, he still remembers it.

Many scholar-bureaucrats sneered at it. With your virtue, you should go to jail. Is this an exchange between teachers and students? It's outrageous! Zhang Fei said again: "Confucianism is broad and profound, how can it be explained clearly in "Tang Law Shuyi" and "Song Xingtong".

Then can we summon the world's elites to write a new code of law based on all Confucianism? "Those students suddenly fell into doubts again. It was also the first time for them to take this kind of question-and-answer class.

Many scholar-bureaucrats came rushing to quarrel, but with these problems, they didn't know how to intervene in it, so they could only be patient and continue to listen.

Cai Bian suddenly said: "I can't.

" Zhang Fei asked: "Why? Cai Bian said: "For example, Confucianism emphasizes harmony between neighbors, but neighbors often quarrel with each other. If this is the law, everyone may commit crimes."

""Good answer.

" Zhang Fei asked again with a smile: "If Confucianism is really compiled into laws, what is it? "Those students are stunned. What kind of questions are there? No book talks about them! An old man can't stand it anymore. You can't answer such a simple question. No wonder these students can only go to law school, not law school. Shang Guozijian said: "If Confucianism is compiled into laws, isn't it still Confucianism? What else can it be? "Zhang Fei glanced at the old man, smiled and said nothing.

The old man was stunned for a moment, did I answer wrong.

How is this possible? Ye Zuqia suddenly said: "That is the law of Legalism.

" Zhang Fei asked with a smile: "Why? Ye Zuqia replied confidently: "Because the law of Legalism is to use laws to restrain people's words and deeds, while the law of Confucianism is to emphasize education and let people restrain themselves."

If Confucianism is turned into a law to restrict people's words and deeds, it is not the law of Confucianism, but the law of Legalism.

"Many people suddenly realized, and some people bowed their heads in thought.

The old man who answered just now opened his mouth, saw the friends around him nodding, and then closed it again.

"Yes.

" Zhang Fei nodded gratifiedly, and then wrote "Legislative Law" on the wooden board, saying: "The legalist law is to use decrees to regulate everyone's words and deeds, so no matter what the content is, as long as the What appears in this form is the law of the Legalists, so what is the law based on Confucianism? "" Virtue is the master and the law is the assistant.

" Shangguan replied.

"That's right, it's the master of virtue and the assistant of law.

" Zhang Fei wrote these words on the board again.

The people around looked dumbfounded, including those students, they made an appointment, let's sing double **** here.

We didn't even understand our questions, so you answered them.

Are we idiots? Lu Gongru also gradually understood why Yuan Jiang had only a half-knowledge when he missed a class. Just now they heard Zhang Fei explain the concept of the law of the rule of law.

These few questions directly describe the laws of Legalism and Confucianism.

The key point is that this is really the case! Fan Zhen whispered: "In the beginning, Cai Bian and the others were in class, just like the students now, completely clueless.

" Lu Gongru said: "That is to say, they didn't discuss it well? ""no.

" Fan Zhen shook his head and smiled wryly: "This is out of training.

" Lu Gongru nodded slightly.

After finishing writing, Zhang Fei suddenly drew a few waves on the bottom of the wooden board, and then turned sideways, "If Confucianism is like the Yellow River, nourishing my Chinese civilization, who in the world can make the whole Use the Yellow River?" Everyone shook their heads in unison.

"Of course not.

" Zhang Fei nodded with a smile, and said: "This is one of the reasons for the failure of the legalist law. The legalist law tried to use the law to regulate all behaviors, but how is this possible? , knowledge is not the same, and there are differences between right and wrong, good and evil in everyone's heart. For example, lying, everyone knows that lying is wrong, but many people think that some lies are harmless, and more need to be restrained by morality rather than punishment .

The law of the Legalists tried to brandish the entire Yellow River for their own use, but this is obviously impossible. Confucianism changed this, so it also had the last laugh.

" This explanation will attract many scholar-bureaucrats to nod frequently. This interpretation is quite novel.

The key point is that Zhang Fei is praising Confucianism.

Zhang Fei continued: "Then how do we usually use the Yellow River? Digging canals for irrigation, carrying water for laundry, we just use a little bit of it to solve the problem, instead of brandishing the whole Yellow River, right?" Everyone nodded.

"Then we can also explain our "Song Xingtong" from this perspective.

" Zhang Fei drew another bottle on the wooden board, "We take a little bit from Confucianism and put it into this bottle to form our "Song Xingtong". Can you understand? "Everyone nodded in unison.

Zhang Fei said: "Then what do you think is the bottle or the water in it that is more important in law enforcement?" "Ah?" Everyone was dumbfounded again! This jump in thinking is really confusing and out of context. What's going on with this bottle? Seeing that no one answered, Zhang Fei asked, "Is this question difficult?"

Zhang Fei tilted his head to look over, "Li Si.

" "Here we come! "I saw Li Si coming up with a tray. There were two bottles on the tray. One of the bottles was similar to the drawing on the wooden board, while the other was relatively round.

Zhang Fei first picked up the bottle on the tray that resembled the picture on the wooden board, "Suppose this bottle is the bottle on the wooden board, and the water contained in it is Confucianism, representing Song Xingtong.

" As he spoke, he poured water into the relatively round bottle, and then asked: "Has Song Xingtong changed? "Many people shook their heads, but many people nodded.

Zhang Fei asked: "Can you explain the reason for shaking your head?" One person immediately said: "There is still so much water, it is also the water in the bottle just now, so there is no change.

" Zhang Fei asked again: "Can those who nod tell me their reasons? "The shape of the water has changed.

""Good.

" Zhang Fei said: "Although there is no change in the amount of water, the shape of the water has changed. Because water has no permanent form, do you think that Dharma can also have no permanent form? ""Well....

" "Huh? ""cannot.

" A group of students shook their heads in confusion.

Actually, they don't know much about it, it's just that their common sense holds that the Dharma cannot be impermanent.

Zhang Fei asked: "Why not?"

Zhang Fei looked at those scholar-bureaucrats again.

Many scholar-bureaucrats chose to dodge, and some scholar-bureaucrats looked at Zhang Fei with puffy eyes. I am not your student. What do you think we are doing? If we have the ability, we will hold a debate meeting.

Zhang Fei waited for a long time before he said: "Suppose a good man learns that a farmer has been deceived by a big landlord to sign a usury contract, forcing the farmer to sell his wife and children. Is it against the law for the strong to help the weak, kill this big landlord, and distribute all the wealth of this big landlord to the people who are exploited by the big landlord?" Ye Zuqia said: "Of course it is illegal!" Zhang Fei said eloquently : "But everything he did was in full conformity with the Confucian morality, hoeing the strong and supporting the weak, benevolent and charitable, perfect.

" "But killing someone, if not in self-defense, is illegal.

" Cai Bian replied.

Shangguan Jun also added: "Although the big landlord is guilty, according to the law, the crime will not lead to death.

" "What do you think? " Zhang Fei asked the others again.

The rest of the people were still a little dazed, not daring to answer this question rashly.

This is someone yelling outside the window: "Even if it is against the law, it must be forgiven outside the law. This good man has done a great deed.

" "Yes, yes.

" Zhang Fei glanced out the window, smiled slightly, and asked again: "Assuming that this hero does not break the law, do we still need laws? "Everyone shook their heads in unison.

"Why?" "Because... because everyone can kill evil to eliminate evil, justice is useless.

" Shangguan replied.

"Isn't it good for everyone to kill evil people?" "But who can guarantee that he will be evil if he kills.

" "Excellent response.

" Zhang Fei asked again: "Then do you think this hero is breaking the law? " "Illegal."

" Everyone replied in unison.

"Of course it is against the law.

" Zhang Fei said: "If it is not against the law, everyone can kill, as long as he thinks he is promoting good and punishing evil, but what kind of consciousness is this? "There was no sound in the classroom again.

Zhang Fei rubbed his forehead with a headache, "Is my problem too difficult?" Cai Jing said suddenly: "It's personal consciousness.

""Yes, this is a kind of personal consciousness.

" Zhang Fei said: "What is the origin of the law? ""consensus! "This time everyone reacted.

Damn it! After a short time, many students were already sweating profusely. If there were no four teachers standing in front of them, they would definitely not be able to bear it.

Ye Zuqia saw it and thought to himself, you are happy.

At the beginning, no one stood in front of us, and every class we had was pain and joy.

"Here's the problem.

" Speaking of this, Zhang Fei suddenly glanced at the four little King Kongs, and then said to the students: "Your four little teachers often make such mistakes, and they are very easily influenced by their own views of good and evil. From the perspective of components, this is a typical water-based.

What is the shape of the water, what is the shape of the container, if the bottle can be changed, then you can still imagine it yourself, as long as you have no regrets, but this is better than the one who promoted the good and punished the evil. Heroes are scary, because they are the chief interrogators, and they can legally kill people.

" Not only did the Four Little King Kong not feel ashamed, but they felt suddenly enlightened.

Zhang Fei asked again: "What do you think is the bottle or the water?" "The bottle.

" Everyone replied immediately.

Zhang Fei raised the bottle that was the same as the wooden board, "Remember, the law of the legal system emphasizes this bottle, which is an unchangeable rule, not the water inside. Good people who break the law and bad people who break the law should be punished accordingly." Punishment, although the size of the punishment can be considered according to the circumstances, but it is also based on the reasons of the case, not whether he is a good person or a bad person. Breaking the law is breaking the law. This is not negotiable.

You must remember that for a presiding judge, morality is very important, but a professional presiding judge should put his own moral values ​​into this bottle, instead of using his own moral values To shape this bottle, because it is only your personal opinion, not the opinion of the world, and it is not the law of the rule of law, because the law of the rule of law emphasizes consensus, and the consensus exists objectively, which is not allowed to be imagined by individuals. Judging, once you judge according to your personal views of good and evil, you may save a good person, but you may harm thousands of people.

This is a big taboo for the chief judge.

”