Otaku Engineer in Great Tang Dynasty Chapter 1420: Lead battery!
Besides, now there are lights in the workshop, and work at night is almost the same as during the day?
Li Zexuan staggered when he heard the words and almost fell to the ground. He said in his heart: I dare to invent the electric light just to make you stay up late to work, right? When you say that, I am a bit like that kind of black-hearted capitalist~!
"Mr. Wang, you always listen to my advice, staying up late hurts your body, don’t stay up anymore! Whether it’s the extraction of vanadium ore or the production of sulfuric acid, you don’t have to be in a hurry. You don’t have to work so hard, you If you hurt your body, it will be the biggest loss for the college~!"
Li Zexuan looked at Wang Ji and persuaded him with all his heart.
Wang Ji looked embarrassed: "Shanchang, it’s not that the old man likes to stay up late, but the old man feels a little itchy when he sees the good materials. If he can’t refine the good materials into the desired items, I feel uncomfortable! This is an old problem and cannot be corrected! But you can rest assured, the old man’s body is definitely fine, I know it in my heart~!"
Li Zexuan was speechless for a moment, thinking of his previous evaluation of Wang Ji-an enchanted alchemist. This evaluation was very appropriate. This old man had a passion for alchemy before and made some people's eyes emptiness. Stuff, now in the chemistry department of the academy, it is considered to have found the "organization" completely, because the way of material transformation in "Chemistry" itself has the same effect as alchemy. Wang Ji is in it like crazy, so he is not It's hard to understand!
For this kind of "madman", Li Zexuan knew that no matter how he persuaded him, he would not be able to persuade him. He sighed, and simply stopped persuading him. He walked to the carriage and said regretfully to Han Yu inside: " Lady, there are some things in the workshop. For my husband, I won’t go back to the county town today. I will let Liu Feng and the others take someone to **** you back~!"
Han Yuxi picked up the curtain of the car, came out from inside, and whispered: "Since Xianggong has something, let's go! The concubine will stay in Yunshan Courtyard for these two days to take care of Xianggong's diet~!"
Li Zexuan thought for a while and nodded: "That's okay! I'll send someone back to the county town to talk to my parents, madam, go back to the other courtyard~!"
"Um~!"
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Let Liu Feng take his guards to send Han Yuxi back to Yunshan Courtyard, and Li Zexuan followed Wang Ji to the steelmaking plant in the workshop.
"Look at the mountain, this is the refined vanadium!"
In the steelmaking plant, Wang Ji pointed to a sack and said to Li Zexuan.
Li Zexuan walked over and saw a piece of light gray stones lying quietly inside. Compared with the vanadium ore that was just mined, this refined vanadium block was undoubtedly more delicate in color!
"This is the only vanadium metal in the whole world! This thing is very useful, but it is not only used to make sulfuric acid, Mr. Wang, you must keep it safe!"
Li Zexuan picked up two pieces of vanadium, held them in his hands, and said to Wang Ji.
"The leader can rest assured, even if you don't say it, the old man will keep it safe~!"
Wang Ji nodded in response, and then said: "Shanchang, the sulfuric acid is stored in steel tanks in the warehouse, but for the convenience of use, the old man put some in a glass bottle, Shanchang, please take a look. Not enough?"
"Um~!"
Li Zexuan nodded, and followed Wang Ji to a small laboratory nearby. Wang Ji put on thick rubber gloves, took a bottle of transparent liquid from the shelf, and handed it to Li Zexuan.
Li Zexuan took it and shook it slightly. Seeing that the liquid inside was not as flexible as water, but a little viscous, he nodded secretly, because the high concentration of sulfuric acid was indeed a viscous liquid.
"Have you roughly estimated the concentration of this sulfuric acid?"
Li Zexuan turned to look at Wang Ji and asked.
Wang Ji nodded and said: "The old man based on the input and output ratio of each raw material, as well as the total amount of water added. If the leakage loss of sulfur dioxide during the production process is ignored, the theoretical concentration of sulfuric acid is about 97%. However, considering various errors in actual production, the actual concentration of sulfuric acid should be around 90%~!"
"Ninety percent? Almost enough for our workshop in the future!"
Li Zexuan smiled comfortedly and said.
Then he opened the bottle cap, dipped a glass rod into a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, and dropped them on a piece of rice paper on the table, where the sulfuric acid fell, the paper quickly turned black, and there was a burst of burning paper in the air. Taste, this is the strong dehydration of concentrated sulfuric acid which causes paper carbonization! Upon seeing this, Li Zexuan couldn't help but sighed:
"Very good! Now our workshop is finally able to produce sulphuric acid in batches! This is the cornerstone of Datang's chemical industry soaring~!"
Industrial triacids-nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid. At present, the workshop can produce sulfuric acid on a large scale, or produce hydrochloric acid (the electrolysis of salt water produces sodium hydroxide, hydrogen, and chlorine, and the hydrogen is burned in chlorine Can generate hydrochloric acid), the only thing left is nitric acid!
The production of nitric acid is more complicated. The nitric acid industry is closely related to the synthetic ammonia industry. The catalyst used in it is currently not available in the workshop, so this can only be left to the future!
"Mr. Wang, I will take away some sulfuric acid in a while to make a battery, a battery that is more durable than the previous voltaic battery! At the steel plant, I hope that Mr. Wang can use the vanadium obtained from the extraction. To make vanadium steel!"
After a moment, Li Zexuan asked.
"Vanadium steel? Does Shan Chang want to add vanadium and carbon to molten iron to make a new type of steel?"
Wang Ji's eyes lit up. This is the first time he heard Li Zexuan say that he wants to use vanadium to make steel.
Li Zexuan nodded and said, "Yes, that's roughly what it means! Specific to the proportion of each raw material, I will list a few references for you later! This steel is mixed with vanadium, such as a tiger with wings, vanadium The role in steel is to enhance hardenability and carbides, and can withstand high temperatures, has a strong secondary hardening effect, and has a significant effect on improving hardness, which can be increased by more than three times. Moreover, vanadium can refine steel grains and stabilize The structure is more suitable for forging and polishing. It is simply a godsend for the manufacture of weapon armor!"
"Hardness increased by more than three times?"
When Wang Ji heard Li Zexuan say this, his eyes rounded in surprise, but he soon realized that something was wrong, and quickly swallowed, and said, "Gudong...what? Shan Chang, you want to use vanadium steel. Making weapon armor? This...this is absolutely impossible! If you are noticed, your Majesty will not tolerate you!"
This old guy thought that Li Zexuan was swollen and wanted to build weapons and armor to gather his troops to rebel, and he almost lost his soul in fright!
However, his first reaction was to persuade Li Zexuan to "put down the butcher knife" instead of clamoring to report and expose, indicating that he really cares about Li Zexuan!
Li Zexuan knew that Wang Ji was misunderstood. He hurriedly said: "What is Mr. Wang talking about? I do intend to make weapons and armors, but it is all instructed by your majesty. As for his plan to use this batch What is the weapon armor made of vanadium steel? I’m not inconvenience to tell you in detail! Ha ha! Don’t worry, I, Xiaoyao Houye and Xiaoyao Mountain Chief, have not been enough? How can I not want to rebel! I am very satisfied with the current life. !"
Wang Ji couldn't help but breathe a sigh of relief. He wiped the sweat from his forehead and said: "That's good! That's good! The old man was really scared just now! Since the Holy Master ordered, the old man naturally has nothing to do. Opinion, after Shan Chang you gave me the ratio formula, I went to trial-produce vanadium steel~!"
"Okay~! Then there is Mr. Lao Wang!"
After Li Zexuan explained to Wang Ji the optional ratios of vanadium, carbon and iron in vanadium steel, he moved a tank of concentrated sulfuric acid and left the steelmaking plant!
Leaving the steelmaking plant, I came to the office building in the front yard of the workshop. There was a laboratory in it that belonged to Li Zexuan.
Several crutches all the way, refused the kindness of a few small servants to help carry the steel tank, Li Zexuan came to his laboratory.
The steel tank with sulfuric acid was placed in the corner of the wall, Li Zexuan leaned in front of the case and began to draw drawings.
He drew the shell structure of a lead battery!
The negative plate, positive plate and electrolyte are the main constituent materials of the battery flow reaction. The anode plate is lead dioxide and the cathode plate is lead. When the battery is discharged, the negative plate interacts with the electrolyte to turn into lead sulfate and water, releasing electric energy; when the battery is charged, under the action of external electric energy, the lead sulfate and the acid in the water generate flocked lead and sulfuric acid, which reduces the electric energy. Store it up.
In this way, a complete charge and discharge cycle can be formed!
Compared with lithium batteries that are often used in modern times, although lead batteries have a smaller specific energy (that is, less electric energy per unit weight, mainly because the volume and weight of lead batteries are generally larger), the electromotive force of lead batteries is more stable when discharged , Stable operating voltage, wide operating temperature and operating current range, capable of charging and discharging hundreds of cycles, good storage performance (especially suitable for dry charged storage), and low cost, so it is widely used in the electric vehicle industry.
Of course, the most important thing is that with the current conditions of the Qiquge Workshop, it is not easy to produce lead-acid batteries. As for higher-end lithium batteries, wait a minute~!
As for battery electrode materials, lead and lead dioxide, these two things already exist in this era!
Lead is one of the earliest metals used by humans. In 3000 BC, humans already smelted lead from ore. The content of lead in the earth's crust is 0.0016%, and the main ore is galena.
And the history of using lead in ancient China is quite long!
The "hu powder" used by ancient women to whiten the skin is the oxide of lead. For example, copper mirrors used in daily use contain lead; in ancient bronzes, lead is one of the three main components; copper coins contain a lot of lead. It was the bulk of the amount of lead used at that time. The more devalued the currency, the more lead content. For ancient alchemists, lead had another use, that is, alchemy. Lead and mercury were important components of the elixir. Of course, both of these things It is toxic, so since ancient times, no emperor who favored alchemists and took "Elixir" has lived long!
With lead and sulfuric acid, and then design the shell structure, you can basically make a lead battery!
In his previous life, Li Zexuan dismantled old lead-acid batteries, and he was quite busy to understand its internal structure!
About a quarter of an hour later, Li Zexuan drew the drawings and walked out of the laboratory.
"Fu Bo, let someone make a shell like this using hard rubber according to this drawing! I have an urgent need~!"
When he came to Fu Bo's "office", Li Zexuan handed the drawing to Fu Bo and said.
The so-called hard rubber refers to rubber with relatively high sulfur content.
At a not too low temperature, the sulfur bond can increase the free range of movement between the chains, so the rubber will not harden. But if you add more sulfur, such as 25%-50%, based on the weight of the rubber, it will make the chain-to-chain bond very tight, causing the rubber to become hard. Such rubber is called hard rubber.
In the modern 21st century, ABS high-strength and high-density plastic is mainly used for the outer shell of the battery, but when the battery was just emerging, there was no such plastic. At that time, the hard rubber was used!
Nowadays, Datang obviously does not have the conditions to produce ABS plastic, so Li Zexuan had to use hard rubber! For the current workshop, it is not difficult to make a battery case from hard rubber!
It's thanks to him that he sent people to Southeast Asia to find rubber, otherwise many things can't be made now!
"...Okay! I will arrange for someone to do it! The shell structure is not complicated, I guess it can be done in a few hours!"
Fuber took the drawing, glanced roughly, and packed the ticket lane.
The various machines in the workshop are readily available, and he is still confident that he can make a shell within an hour.
He didn't ask Li Zexuan about the purpose of making this shell, because he knew that Li Zexuan was going to make new things again. As for what the new things were, he would naturally know when they were made!
This is the tacit understanding he has cultivated after following Li Zexuan for so long!
"Okay~! Then there is Lao Fubo~!"
Li Zexuan said with a smile~IndoMTL.com~Fu Bo smiled, and then took the drawings to the rubber production courtyard!
Li Zexuan went to the courtyard where the colored glaze was fired, because the partitions in the humble battery are made of glass!
About two hours later, after the battery casing, cathode plate and anode plate materials, and separators in the electrolyte were all ready, Li Zexuan began to prepare the electrolyte used by the battery!
This is very particular!
Generally speaking, lead-acid batteries require a concentration of sulfuric acid between 1.27-1.28. If the concentration is too small, it is easy to lose electricity. After a long time of use, lead sulfate crystals will form between the two electrode plates. When the amount of lead sulfate crystals produced reaches a certain level, the battery does not store electricity. Moreover, if the concentration of sulfuric acid is greater than the standard, lead sulfate crystals are easily formed.
So the proportion of sulfuric acid to distilled water in the electrolyte must be strictly controlled!
It took Li Zexuan more than half an hour to just mix the electrolyte!
The next job is to assemble these prepared materials and shells. This is not a lot of trouble. The only thing you need to pay attention to is not to bring debris and dust into the electrolyte during the operation!
Fu Bo stood aside and carefully witnessed the entire production process of the lead storage battery. In three quarters, the sky was completely dark, and the lights in the laboratory had been turned on by Fu Bo. At this moment, Li Zexuan Finally stood up, clapped his hands, took a breath of relief, and said: "Okay! The world's first lead storage battery is finally ready~!"
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