Otaku Engineer in Great Tang Dynasty Chapter 1426: Hydrometallurgy copper smelting, the electric motor succeeded!
"Shanchang, I have another question!"
In the laboratory, Mo Lingwei frowned and asked: "Since we need DC power so much, and the bulbs can only be lit by DC power, why didn't we use DC generators to generate electricity?"
Hearing Mo Lingwei asked this question, Li Zexuan couldn't help but secretly praised this girl for being so clever. He thought for a while and said: "Miss Mo, have you ever thought about this question? If the hydropower station is generating direct current , Then how much voltage will it attenuate through a mile of wire?
Be aware that the longer the length of the wire of the same thickness, the higher the resistance, and the greater the partial pressure. Assuming that the output voltage of a hydropower station is 200 volts, it is likely to be only one mile away when it is transmitted Around one hundred and fifty volts, farther away, the voltage will be lower!
The calibrated voltages of the electric lights produced by our workshop are all the same. If DC power is used for transmission, the place far away from the hydropower station will not get enough voltage to light the electric lights!
If AC power is used for transmission, this problem will not exist, because we have transformers. In places far away from the hydropower station, we can use transformers to boost the voltage to increase the voltage to the value we need. The conversion of DC voltage is not as easy as AC power!
Besides, Miss Mo, you should also be aware that the internal structure of an AC generator is simpler than that of a DC generator, and its life span is longer than that of a DC generator. Therefore, considering various considerations, I chose Transmission scheme of alternating current! "
Actually, the dispute over communication, even in modern times, does not end with the victory of AC power. As far as the power system of the 21st century is concerned, high-voltage power transmission is a situation where AC and DC coexist and complement each other. Even with the development of power electronics technology, DC transmission may once again strongly return to its dominant position, because DC power only needs to be in the transmission process. Consider the loss caused by the line resistance. In the transmission process of alternating current, impedance, inductance, and capacitive reactance will all cause loss to the transmitted power!
However, as far as the current technical conditions of Datang are concerned, choosing alternating current for transmission is the most feasible and economical solution!
Mo Lingwei suddenly realized that when she heard the words, she nodded and said with a look of admiration: "I didn't expect that there is such a big knowledge in this. When the mountain leader built the hydropower station, he was really farsighted!"
Li Zexuan smiled, did not answer the call, but looked at Wang Ji and asked: "Mr. Wang, I believe the problem of DC power supply will be solved in a few days, but I don’t know about the various materials and equipment on your side. Are you ready?"
Wang Ji nodded and said: "The leader can rest assured, the old man is ready for everything, only the east wind! The electrolyzer, blister copper, and bile alum are all ready!"
Li Zexuan said in surprise: "Oh? The progress is so fast? Then, Mr. Wang, can you prepare enough bile alum?"
After all, the amount of copper that the workshop will refine in the future is also a lot, and Li Zexuan must ask in advance.
Wang Ji smiled and said: "Shanchang, you can rest assured that this bile alum is not a rare thing. There is a mine in Lantian County that produces bile alum, which is completely sufficient for our workshop to refine copper!"
Li Zexuan heard this and said in surprise: "What? There is a bile alum mine in Lantian County? Why don't I know?"
Wang Ji said strangely: "This gallbladder mine has always been there! But this thing is only used in medicine, and it is not very valuable. If you don't know it, it is normal for Lord Hou!"
Ball alum, that is, copper sulfate crystals, can also be used as medicine. It can stimulate the gastric mucosa, cause the vomiting center to excite and induce vomiting. It is used for wind phlegm congestion, throat numbness, epilepsy, accidental ingestion of poisons, aphthous ulcers, malnutrition, red eyes, sores, pterygium, swelling and poisoning.
Li Zexuan hurriedly interrupted: "Who said it's worthless? This bile alum can be used to refine blister copper, and it can also be used as an electrolyte to electrolyze and refine copper. With this bile alum mine, it can be very We have solved our current copper shortage dilemma to a large extent!"
"Ball alum refining copper? How can copper be refined from bile alum? Oh, yes! This is indeed possible. Ge Xianweng mentioned in "Baopuzi Inner Chapter Yellow and White" that iron flakes are soaked in bile alum solution. The method of obtaining copper, chemically, is called displacement reaction! Eh! I didn’t expect this~?"
Wang Ji was confused at first, then patted his head, annoyed.
The method of extracting copper can be roughly divided into two types: fire copper smelting and wet copper smelting. Among them, pyrometallurgical copper is decomposed into copper oxide by contacting malachite with ignited charcoal, which is then reduced to metallic copper. The equation is (oh)2==2u2o2h2o!
This was also the main way to produce copper before the Song Dynasty in China!
Hydrometallurgy copper smelting is also called bile copper method, and its production process mainly includes two aspects. One is copper immersion, which is to put iron in a solution of gallbladder (uso45h2o) (commonly known as bile), so that the copper ions in the gallbladder are replaced by metal into elemental copper and deposited; the second is collection, which is to collect the copper powder that will be replaced. Get up, then smelt and cast.
The Chinese were the first to use natural copper compounds to wet copper smelting. In the Western Han Dynasty, sulfuric acid was first reacted with copper oxide, and then iron was used to replace copper. Liu An's "Huainan Wanbishu" "Zengqing gets iron and turns into copper", "Zengqing" refers to soluble copper salt, that is, copper is formed when copper salt meets iron.
Jin Gehong's Baopuzi Inner Pian Huangbai also has a record of "painting iron with Zengqing, and iron red like copper". During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was further realized that not only copper sulfate, but other soluble copper salts can also undergo substitution reactions with iron.
But these methods are only accidental discoveries by alchemists during the process of alchemy, and they are not really used in production! It was not until the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties that the principle of water smelting of copper began to be applied to production, and it developed even more in the Song Dynasty and became one of the important methods for mass production of copper.
In the early Tang Dynasty, there were very few people who knew about wet copper smelting, let alone use it in actual production!
Seeing Wang Ji's reaction, Li Zexuan nodded and said: "Yes! This bravery alum is used to make copper using chemical displacement reactions! I will send someone to find the mine you mentioned, Mr. Wang, as soon as possible. The reserves of gallbladder inside can be found, and then we can dig a gallbladder tank around the mine, forge the iron into thin slices and place it in the trough, immerse the iron sheet with bile water, and the copper in the gallbladder will adhere to the iron sheet Surface.
Although it is more troublesome to forge iron sheets into thin sheets, our workshop now has hydraulic stamping machines, which is not troublesome! In addition, forging iron into thin sheets can increase the surface area of the iron, greatly shorten the replacement time, and increase the yield of copper. I hope that the copper produced in this mine can completely supply the consumption of laying wires in Lantian County! "
A while ago, he was still worried about where to buy some copper. He didn't expect that there would be a bile alum mine in his fief. People in this era obviously have not realized the real purpose of the bile alum mine. , Otherwise this mine would have been requisitioned and mined by the court, and it would not wait until now!
When Wang Ji heard the words, he couldn't help but look forward to expressing emotion: "If the reserves of bile alum in this mine are really amazing, we will be able to cover the entire Lantian County~! Such a flourishing scene, Wang Mou I’m looking forward to dreaming!"
Leaving Mo Lingwei’s laboratory, Li Zexuan immediately sent Liu Feng and Liu Yun to inspect the bile alum mine. After that, he went to the bank of the Bahe River to check the progress of Zhang Hongsheng’s armor manufacturing. Zhang Hongsheng assured Li Zexuan that the first set of plate armor can be made the day after tomorrow at the latest. After the first set is made, the subsequent production speed will become faster and faster!
"Master, yesterday the old man asked a hydraulic press to forge a batch of iron sheets of the same size and thickness. With these iron sheets, you can make the chain you mentioned before. The old man has arranged craftsmen to assemble the chain. , It is expected to be completed tomorrow! After you have a chain, do you plan to build a second-generation chain-driven bicycle?"
Fu Bo was also here at the hydropower station, and when Li Zexuan came to "inspect the work", he quickly walked over and said.
Li Zexuan heard this and was delighted that the backward and awkward front-wheel drive bicycles of the hidden roads were finally eliminated. He smiled and said:
"Build! Hurry up! The sooner the better! Oh, yes, Forber, this chain-driven bicycle, even if I don’t give you drawings, can you imagine its structure?"
Fauber nodded and said: "You can rest assured, the old man knows that this second-generation bicycle is only different in transmission mode from the first-generation bicycle. Other places are basically the same with minor differences. This is not difficult for the old!"
Li Zexuan said excitedly: "Haha! That's good! I'll wait for the good news from Fu Bo! The previous bicycles have created extremely lucrative profits for our workshop. Now we have mastered the technology of chain production and made more For the flexible and brisk second-generation bicycles, I believe that more people will like them and are willing to spend money for them! In the near future, the bicycles produced by our Qiquge workshop will be spread all over the rivers of Datang. !"
Last year, because he did not have a dam or hydraulic punching machine, he couldn't build a chain. He could only make the kind of "ancient" bicycle with pedals on the front wheels. This kind of bicycle is laborious to ride and easy to run into trouble. Li Zexuan just felt fresh at the beginning, and after riding for a few days, he never rode again. He is a modern man. Any bicycle he has ridden is 10,000 times better than that of "ancient" bicycles!
But the "indigenous people" of the Tang Dynasty like Cheng Yaojin didn't know that there were better bicycles in the world. They only knew that the bicycles produced by Qiquge Workshop were faster, more flexible and more convenient than carriages. That's why I ride every day when I go out.
Now that there is a chain, everything is different. Li Zexuan is not only able to produce bicycles with chain-driven rear wheels, but he also wants to build some mountain bikes with disc brakes and shifting functions. He even wants to use electricity
I believe this improved bicycle can not only replace carriages, but even horses!
The second day.
The first thing Li Zexuan did after breakfast was to go to the hospital. When Dr. Wang saw Li Zexuan, he quickly reported:
"Shanchang, this time our Datang United Medical Center has recruited 58 doctors with superb medical skills and noble medical ethics. Among them, there are 8 female doctors and 50 male doctors. Some of them are good at bone setting and There are those who are good at treating traumatic injuries, and some are good at treating children’s diseases, and even more good at acupuncture and massage. Anyway, we have doctors in the departments we assigned before!"
Li Zexuan nodded, and said: "It's so good! The medical center must be put into operation as soon as possible and fully open to the people of Lantian County. The prices of all medicinal materials and consultation fees must be open and transparent. To deceive the people! In addition, the number of female doctors is still too small compared to male doctors. I told you before that doctors do not distinguish between men and women. In the eyes of doctors, there should be no concept of gender. Don’t just because others are. Women, just look down on each other’s medical skills. Yesterday’s Ge Qingyue is a good example! More female doctors will be recruited in the future!"
Li Zexuan heard that in yesterday’s interview and assessment, Ge Qingyue "smiles proud of the crowd" with double perfect scores. I don’t know how many people’s eyes were shocked. Li Zexuan felt that Ge Qingyue could be used to give the world aspirations. Women who are medical practitioners set an example and tell the world that women can also study and practice medicine, and their medical skills will not be worse than men!
Dr. Wang handed his hand: "Shanchang, after yesterday's interview and assessment, no one dared to despise female doctors anymore. The reason why there are only eight female doctors is because there are too few female doctors coming to apply! However, today, "Datang Daily" published a notice that our United Medical Center can recruit female doctors~IndoMTL.com~ I believe that in the near future, there will be women doctors with superb medical skills who will come to our medical center!"
Li Zexuan heard the words and nodded and said: "That's it! If you have any difficulties here in the future, Dr. Wang, just tell the county magistrate He, or you can tell me. If you can help, the county government and Ben Hou will definitely help!"
"Yes! The mountain is long!"
In the afternoon, Li Zexuan rode to the workshop again.
Because he got the news, Mo Lingwei's electric motor and the second-generation chain bicycle supervised by Fubo are all ready!
"Mountain Chang, this is the electric motor, as long as it is connected to the battery, the rotor inside can spin fast!"
In the Qiqu Pavilion Workshop, Mo Lingwei pointed to the "tuo" iron bump on the ground and said.
Li Zexuan frowned, and had to admit that the appearance of this motor is a bit ugly. The outer shell should be directly cast. The surface is not polished, quenched, or painted, which is simply too much. How ugly is ugly, I just don’t know if this ugly thing can be used normally!
"Let me see when I connect it!"
Li Zexuan said softly.
"Hmm!"
Mo Lingwei responded and quickly greeted Song Xiaosi next to him to move a lead-acid battery from Wang Ji.
Yan Shaoning hasn’t come since returning home hurriedly yesterday. Mo Lingwei has no one to call, so she can only call Song Xiaosi!
After the lead storage battery was transported, Mo Lingwei placed the motor upside down and let Song Xiaosi stabilize it, and then she went to connect the power supply by herself. When the wires were connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the storage battery, "Woo~" With a sound, the motor spins quickly!
"It's a success! It's a success! We have changed the power mode of this era!"
Li Zexuan looked at the spinning motor and said with emotion
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